euxeno wrote:
4. Finite that-clause, in which the that is usually optional (I believe that everyone should have a puppy; the data show that global temperatures are rising).
The last one really doesn't have a textbook name as far as I can find. Does anyone know?
I'm also not sure whether there's a name for #4, although it's likely one exists. The "that" serves to create a noun phrase, which itself is the object of the main verb. In other words, "I believe
something" and the something is "everyone should have a puppy." You'll know you're dealing with an example of this when "that" follows a verb immediately and another subject/verb pair follow.
I'll throw in one more:
#5 Subjunctive mood: Our boss suggested that Larry attend the meeting.
This usage is similar to #4--"that" follows a verb immediately, and "Our boss suggested
something."
The difference is that "Larry attend" is not a normal subject/verb pair (note that, on its own, we'd say "Larry attend
s a meeting." The verb in this "that" clause is hypothetical (our boss just wants Larry to attend, but he hasn't yet, and in fact may not), so it gets a special form: the infinitive (to attend) minus the "to."
For #5, the GMAT requires the "that" even though many people omit it in speech.
For #4, the GMAT seems to prefer to include the "that," also.