SSSNW wrote:
Caramelization, the transformation of the surface of crème brûlée, a process in which molecules of sugar and oxygen react releasing volatile chemicals that have produced the unique nutty flavor and brown color.
A. a process in which molecules of sugar and oxygen react releasing volatile chemicals that have produced
B. a process where molecules in sugar and oxygen are reacting to release the volatile chemicals that are producing
C. a process in which molecules of sugar and oxygen react and which releases the volatile chemicals that are produced
D. is a process in which molecules of oxygen and sugar react to release the volatile chemicals that produce
E. is a process where molecules of oxygen and sugar are reacting and release the volatile chemicals producing
SSSNW wrote:
Have produced ( Present Perfect ) is OK
Why can't we use have produced in this sentence ?
SSSNW , when you say "
have produced" is "okay," what reasons underlie your assertion?
Have produced here is not okay.
[R]eact and
have produced are not parallel verbs.
The former, not a helping verb, is in present tense.
The latter, a helping verb, is in present perfect tense.
Simple present tense and present perfect tense are not parallel.
Non-helping verbs and helping verbs are not parallel.
[R]eact starts in the present and in terms of action, establishes the "when" for the rest of the verbs involved.
It indicates an event that, in this case, occurs regularly in the present or is a known fact. (When carmelization begins, certain molecules react . . .)
The third verb, "
have produced," refers to something that happened in the past, from the perspective of the present.
The event may or may not still be happening.
Present perfect:
Water shortages have produced conflict among end users.
(At some point in the past, conflict happened. Perhaps conflict continues; perhaps not.)
Simple present:
Water shortages produce conflict among end users.
(Conflict is happening now. Water shortages regularly create current conflict.)
(The second intended action word,
releasing, is not parallel with
react, either.)
Bottom line: "have produced" and "react" are not parallel.
Hope that helps.
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