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Re: For every integer n from 1 to 200, inclusive, the nth term of a certai [#permalink]
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Bunuel wrote:
For every integer n from 1 to 200, inclusive, the nth term of a certain sequence is given by \((-1)^n*2^{(-n)}\). If N is the sum of the first 200 terms in the sequence, then N is

(A) less than -1
(B) between -1 and -1/2
(C) between -1/2 and 0
(D) between 0 and 1/2
(E) greater than 1/2



Let’s solve the expression for values of n of 1, 2, 3, and 4.

n = 1:

-1 x 1/2 = -1/2

n = 2:

1 x 1/4 = 1/4

n = 3:

-1 x 1/8 = -1/8

n = 4:

1 x 1/16 = 1/16

Thus, the first 4 terms of the sequence are:

-1/2, 1/4, -1/8, 1/16, …

We can see that this is a geometric sequence with the first term a1 = -1/2 and the common ratio r = -1/2. Recall that the sum of a finite geometric sequence with n terms is S(n) = a1 * (1 - r^n)/(1 - r). Thus, N or S(200), is

-1/2 * (1 - (-1/2)^200)/(1 - (-1/2))

Notice that (-1/2)^200 is very small, so we can approximate it as 0. Thus, we have

-1/2 * (1 - 0)/(1 + 1/2)

(-1/2)/(3/2)

-1/3

Thus we see that N is between -1/2 and 0.

Answer: C
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For every integer n from 1 to 200, inclusive, the nth term of a certai [#permalink]
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Bunuel wrote:
For every integer n from 1 to 200, inclusive, the nth term of a certain sequence is given by \((-1)^n*2^{(-n)}\). If N is the sum of the first 200 terms in the sequence, then N is

(A) less than -1
(B) between -1 and -1/2
(C) between -1/2 and 0
(D) between 0 and 1/2
(E) greater than 1/2

As GMATinsight suggests, because the geometric approach seemed too time-consuming, I looked for a pattern. This arithmetic is not hard.

The nth term of a certain sequence is given by \((-1)^n*2^{(-n)}\)

First 6 terms
\(A_1 =(-1^1*2^{-1})=(-1*\frac{1}{2^1})=-\frac{1}{2}\)

\(A_2 =(-1^2*2^{-2})=(1*\frac{1}{2^2})=(1*\frac{1}{4})=\frac{1}{4}\)

\(A_3 =(-1^3*2^{-3})=-\frac{1}{8}\)

\(A_4 =(1*2^{-4})=\frac{1}{16}\)

\(A_5 = (-1*\frac{1}{32})=-\frac{1}{32}\)

\(A_6 = (1*\frac{1}{64})=\frac{1}{64}\)


Pattern? Sum a few terms

We need a pattern for the sum of terms.
Extrapolate directly from the terms' values above, or add:

\(A_1+A_2= (-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4})=-\frac{1}{4}\)

\((A_1+A_2) + A_3= (-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8})=-\frac{1}{8}\)

\((A_1+A_2+A_3)+ A_4= (-\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{16})=-\frac{1}{16}\)


The pattern emerges: Summing the terms gets us closer to 0 by exactly half.

We will never reach 0. We add a positive number to a negative number, but |negative| > positive

\(-Sum + \frac{1}{2}Sum= -\frac{1}{2}Sum\)

The added positive term is never enough to get to 0 and beyond.
Upper limit is 0.
Only one answer has 0 on RHS. That's enough.

Answer C

*Lower limit? Sequence starts with \(A_1 = -\frac{1}{2}\)
But the sum of just 2 terms (let alone 200), \(A_1+A_2\), is already > than \(-\frac{1}{2}\)
Whole sequence, summed, is thus also > than \(-\frac{1}{2}\)
Lower limit is \(-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(-\frac{1}{2} < Sum < 0\)
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Re: For every integer n from 1 to 200, inclusive, the nth term of a certai [#permalink]
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Re: For every integer n from 1 to 200, inclusive, the nth term of a certai [#permalink]
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