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Re: For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
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The official explanation is below:

(1) Identify the Question Type

The question stem asks what would be most useful to compare in assessing the argument, so this is an Evaluate the Argument question.

(2) Deconstruct the Argument

The premises state that while for-profit colleges serve fewer students than other colleges, they draw a disproportionately large share of financial aid. The author concludes from this that for-profit colleges much have a larger proportion of financially disadvantaged students. This makes sense—if these students are getting more financial aid, presumably they are more in need of that aid. However, the author assumes that there is no other reason for the increased level of aid. Maybe students at other colleges are less aware of the aid available to them, or perhaps some other factor at for-profit colleges makes the students more likely apply for aid, or to be granted that aid once they apply. Maybe the financial aid officers at those schools are especially skilled at bringing in the grants.

(3) State the Goal

In an Evaluate the Argument question, the goal is to choose a question or piece of information that would make it easier to determine if the conclusion is valid. What would test the author’s assumption here? It’s hard to predict the exact answer, but it might address whether something other than the students’ overall level of financial need might account for the difference in aid received at for-profit colleges.

(4) Work from Wrong to Right


(A) This answer choice simply compares two kinds of non-profit colleges. This doesn’t shed any light on how they might differ from for-profit colleges. This is a classic comparison trap, in that it compares two elements that don’t need to be compared.

(B) CORRECT. Fraud? That would do it. If for-profit colleges are misrepresenting their students in order to draw unneeded aid, then their high levels of aid would not necessarily indicate that their students were financially disadvantaged.

(C) This is a better comparison than that provided in answer choice (A), but it only deals in number, not proportion. For-profit schools serve fewer students than non-profits, so knowing the numbers of students receiving aid would not allow you to make a reasonable comparison without knowing the total enrollment numbers. In any case, the argument already says that the for-profit schools get more aid per student.

(D) The quality of education is entirely out of scope here. The argument is only about the proportion of financially disadvantaged students served, not how well those students are served.

(E) Again, default rates are out of scope. Even if you stretch and assume that financially needy students are more likely to default on their loans in the future (this assumption is not supported), you still wouldn’t know that a higher loan default rate at for-profit colleges wasn’t simply a function of the higher levels of aid.



Please give kudos if this was helpful in any way!
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Re: For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
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Sambon

The conclusion is about whether for-profit schools serve a disproportionate number of disadvantaged students. In other words, we're wondering if disadvantaged students make up a larger percent of the total enrollment at each kind of school. Knowing about the total SHARE of disadvantaged students doesn't affect that. The author has already told us that for-profit schools have far fewer students than non-profits, so it wouldn't be a problem to find that most disadvantaged students go to non-profits. That wouldn't tell us what percentage these students represent at each kind of school.

As an analogy, consider the world population of English speakers. We can probably agree that the US has a higher proportion of English speakers than most countries. In other words, a very large percentage of people in the US speak English. However, most English speakers do NOT live in the US. That doesn't change our logic at all.

Also, when you see an answer that seems to just directly tell you whether the conclusion is right or wrong, expect a trap. If we could use info from A to directly disprove the conclusion, that would be great, but it's a little too good to be true. In those cases, go back and reread carefully to see if what you have is really as useful as it looks. Typically, you will find that it is not!
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Re: For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
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Alijavad

You have to watch out for synonyms on this test! This question asks us what would be useful in "assessing the argument," but for our purposes, assessing and evaluating are the same thing. The question doesn't say to strengthen or weaken, nor does it ask for an assumption. It just wants to know what would be useful in order to figure out whether the argument is good. That's an Evaluate question.

Did you have a separate question about the explanation? I see that Desertchampion has provided a full write-up, so let us know if there's a specific issue that's bothering you.
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Re: For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
Someone please Explain
B vs C here
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For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or private non-profit colleges. At the same time, relative to non-profit colleges, for-profit colleges draw a disproportionate share of federal and state financial aid, such as tuition grants and guaranteed loans, for their students. It must be, then, that for-profit colleges enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges.

In assessing the argument above, it would be most useful to compare

A the proportion of financially disadvantaged students served by public and private non-profit colleges - Incorrect comparison

B the extent to which for-profit and non-profit colleges engage in fraudulent practices in helping their students obtain unneeded federal and state financial aid

C the number of student receiving federal and state financial aid at for-profit colleges and non-profit colleges - We will be unable to assess the argument until we have the Total number of students enrolled in each of the colleges.

D the quality of education received by financially disadvantaged students at for-profit colleges and non-profit colleges - We are not concerned with quality.

E the rates of default on loan repayments among graduates of for-profit and non-profit colleges- Rates of default does not tell us anything. It is not necessary that only children who need financial aid will default on loan repayment.

I have chosen option B as the answer by eliminating all the other answer choices.
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Re: For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
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For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
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For-profit colleges -> fewer students than either public or private non-profit colleges.

for-profit colleges draw a disproportionate share

for-profit colleges enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges.

In assessing the argument above, it would be most useful to compare

A the proportion of financially disadvantaged students served by public and private non-profit colleges -> Can anyone please explain me why A is wrong ?

B the extent to which for-profit and non-profit colleges engage in fraudulent practices in helping their students obtain unneeded federal and state financial aid - If they do engage then it weakens the argument . if they do not then it strengthens

C the number of students receiving federal and state financial aid at for-profit colleges and non-profit colleges - the number doesnt matter .Its about the proportion because we already know the number of students in for profit are lower

D the quality of education received by financially disadvantaged students at for-profit colleges and non-profit colleges - out of scope

E the rates of default on loan repayments among graduates of for-profit and non-profit colleges - out of scope
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Re: For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
Hello GMATNinja

I didn't quite understand how option B is helping to evaluate the argument ? Although it the only option left that I can't eliminate for any reason. But i want to understand how will it be useful to evaluate
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Re: For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
haardiksharma wrote:
Someone please Explain
B vs C here


The question talks about comparing the proportion of financially disadvantaged students to non-financially disadvantaged students in for-profit and non-profit colleges. It would be impossible to compare the proportions just by knowing the number of students receiving federal and state financial aid at for-profit colleges and non-profit colleges.
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Re: For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
@e-gmat, GMATNinja
Quality of education is certainly a factor that is a critical result determined by the funding.If quality of education is poor then its not necessary that for profit colleges enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students. Can someone pl elaborate as to why option d is wrong
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Re: For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
Still not convinced with the reason to go for C over B
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Re: For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
KarishmaB DmitryFarber

I understand why C is correct. But could you help with evaluating answer choice A? The conclusion is "that for-profit colleges enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges."

And knowing A would tell us the proportion of financially disadvantaged students served by non-profit colleges. If for example, the proportion served by non-profit colleges is ≥50% the conclusion is weakened, and if the proportion is <50% the conclusion is strengthened. Of course, I am assuming that the total number of financially disadvantaged college students is made up only of students enrolled in for-profit colleges and non-profit colleges - is that not a reasonable assumption?
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Re: For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
DmitryFarber wrote:
Sambon

The conclusion is about whether for-profit schools serve a disproportionate number of disadvantaged students. In other words, we're wondering if disadvantaged students make up a larger percent of the total enrollment at each kind of school. Knowing about the total SHARE of disadvantaged students doesn't affect that. The author has already told us that for-profit schools have far fewer students than non-profits, so it wouldn't be a problem to find that most disadvantaged students go to non-profits. That wouldn't tell us what percentage these students represent at each kind of school.

As an analogy, consider the world population of English speakers. We can probably agree that the US has a higher proportion of English speakers than most countries. In other words, a very large percentage of people in the US speak English. However, most English speakers do NOT live in the US. That doesn't change our logic at all.

Also, when you see an answer that seems to just directly tell you whether the conclusion is right or wrong, expect a trap. If we could use info from A to directly disprove the conclusion, that would be great, but it's a little too good to be true. In those cases, go back and reread carefully to see if what you have is really as useful as it looks. Typically, you will find that it is not!

Thank you Dmitry for a great explanation and a perfect analogy - makes sense now. Seems like I totally misinterpreted the conclusion.

I understood "enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students" to mean to enroll a greater percentage OF the total number of financially disadvantaged students. Instead, as you pointed out, the conclusion is saying that the proportion of financially disadvantaged students within the total enrollment at for-profit colleges was greater than at non-profit colleges.

While we're on this topic - what language clues in the passage pushed you to interpret the conclusion the correct way? Because percentages and ratios are such important topics in all sections of the GMAT, it'd be good to learn whether there are standard ways to describe proportions and totals to avoid making similar mistakes
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Re: For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
Can you please help me with the question? I do not understand what it requires, like how I can immediately get that the question wants me to evaluate the argument. Also, the explanation(
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Re: For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or pri [#permalink]
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