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The next set of PS questions. I'll post OA's with detailed explanations after some discussion. Please, post your solutions along with the answers.
1. The length of the diagonal of square S, as well as the lengths of the diagonals of rhombus R are integers. The ratio of the lengths of the diagonals is 15:11:9, respectively. Which of the following could be the difference between the area of square S and the area of rhombus R?
I. 63 II. 126 III. 252
A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and III only E. I, II and III
4. The functions f and g are defined for all the positive integers n by the following rule: f(n) is the number of positive perfect squares less than n and g(n) is the number of primes numbers less than n. If f(x) + g(x) = 16, then x is in the range:
A. 30 < x < 36 B. 30 < x < 37 C. 31 < x < 37 D. 31 < x < 38 E. 32 < x < 38
Hello.. Can someone please explain why "x" ( 15x:11x:9x) needs to be an integer? Why not 1.5?
We are told that the length of the diagonals are integers and their ratio is 15:11:9. This means that the lengths are multiples of 15, 11 and 9. If x=1.5, then the lengths won't be integers.
3. How many different subsets of the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} do not contain 0?
A. 16 B. 27 C. 31 D. 32 E. 64
Consider the set without 0: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Each out of 5 elements of the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} has TWO options: either to be included in the subset or not, so total number of subsets of this set is 2^5=32. Now, each such set will be a subset of {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and won't include 0.
Answer: D.
Hi Bunuel,
I did this exercise as follows:
I eliminate the 0, so i have the following set: (1,2,3,4,5). Now, i use combinatorics.
Set containing 5 elements: 5C5=1 Set containing 4 elements: 4C5=5 Set containing 3 elements: 3C5=10 Set containing 2 elements: 2C5=10 Set containing 1 elements: 1C5=5
So, the total of posibilites are 31. What am I missing here¿??
3. How many different subsets of the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} do not contain 0?
A. 16 B. 27 C. 31 D. 32 E. 64
Consider the set without 0: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Each out of 5 elements of the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} has TWO options: either to be included in the subset or not, so total number of subsets of this set is 2^5=32. Now, each such set will be a subset of {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and won't include 0.
Answer: D.
Hi Bunuel,
I did this exercise as follows:
I eliminate the 0, so i have the following set: (1,2,3,4,5). Now, i use combinatorics.
Set containing 5 elements: 5C5=1 Set containing 4 elements: 4C5=5 Set containing 3 elements: 3C5=10 Set containing 2 elements: 2C5=10 Set containing 1 elements: 1C5=5
So, the total of posibilites are 31. What am I missing here¿??
Thanks in advance
You are missing 1 empty set, which is a subset of the original set and also does not contain 0.
1. The length of the diagonal of square S, as well as the lengths of the diagonals of rhombus R are integers. The ratio of the lengths of the diagonals is 15:11:9, respectively. Which of the following could be the difference between the area of square S and the area of rhombus R?
I. 63 II. 126 III. 252
A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and III only E. I, II and III
Given that the ratio of the diagonal is \(d_s:d_1:d_2=15x:11x:9x\), for some positive integer x (where \(d_s\) is the diagonal of square S and \(d_1\) and \(d_2\) are the diagonals of rhombus R).
\(area_{square}=\frac{d^2}{2}\) and \(area_{rhombus}=\frac{d_1*d_2}{2}\).
The difference is \(area_{square}-area_{rhombus}=\frac{(15x)^2}{2}-\frac{11x*9x}{2}=63x^2\).
If x=1, then the difference is 63; If x=2, then the difference is 252; In order the difference to be 126 x should be \(\sqrt{2}\), which is not possible.
Answer: D.
Hi Bunuel,
This is probably a stupid question. But why can't x be \sqrt{2}?
1. The length of the diagonal of square S, as well as the lengths of the diagonals of rhombus R are integers. The ratio of the lengths of the diagonals is 15:11:9, respectively. Which of the following could be the difference between the area of square S and the area of rhombus R?
I. 63 II. 126 III. 252
A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and III only E. I, II and III
Given that the ratio of the diagonal is \(d_s:d_1:d_2=15x:11x:9x\), for some positive integer x (where \(d_s\) is the diagonal of square S and \(d_1\) and \(d_2\) are the diagonals of rhombus R).
\(area_{square}=\frac{d^2}{2}\) and \(area_{rhombus}=\frac{d_1*d_2}{2}\).
The difference is \(area_{square}-area_{rhombus}=\frac{(15x)^2}{2}-\frac{11x*9x}{2}=63x^2\).
If x=1, then the difference is 63; If x=2, then the difference is 252; In order the difference to be 126 x should be \(\sqrt{2}\), which is not possible.
Answer: D.
Hi Bunuel,
This is probably a stupid question. But why can't x be \sqrt{2}?
Okay. I got it. Stupid me. They have to be integers
3. How many different subsets of the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} do not contain 0?
A. 16 B. 27 C. 31 D. 32 E. 64
Consider the set without 0: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Each out of 5 elements of the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} has TWO options: either to be included in the subset or not, so total number of subsets of this set is 2^5=32. Now, each such set will be a subset of {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and won't include 0.
Answer: D.
Hi Bunuel,
I solved it as below and got the answer wrong. Can you let me know what i did wrong and please explain your approach in more detail.
Elements are {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Subset of 1: 5C1 = 5 Subset of 2: 5C2 = 10 Subset of 3: 5C3 = 10 Subset of 4: 5C4 = 5 Subset of 5: 5C5 = 1
3. How many different subsets of the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} do not contain 0?
A. 16 B. 27 C. 31 D. 32 E. 64
Consider the set without 0: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Each out of 5 elements of the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} has TWO options: either to be included in the subset or not, so total number of subsets of this set is 2^5=32. Now, each such set will be a subset of {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and won't include 0.
Answer: D.
Hi Bunuel,
I solved it as below and got the answer wrong. Can you let me know what i did wrong and please explain your approach in more detail.
Elements are {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Subset of 1: 5C1 = 5 Subset of 2: 5C2 = 10 Subset of 3: 5C3 = 10 Subset of 4: 5C4 = 5 Subset of 5: 5C5 = 1
1. The length of the diagonal of square S, as well as the lengths of the diagonals of rhombus R are integers. The ratio of the lengths of the diagonals is 15:11:9, respectively. Which of the following could be the difference between the area of square S and the area of rhombus R?
I. 63 II. 126 III. 252
A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and III only E. I, II and III
Given that the ratio of the diagonal is \(d_s:d_1:d_2=15x:11x:9x\), for some positive integer x (where \(d_s\) is the diagonal of square S and \(d_1\) and \(d_2\) are the diagonals of rhombus R).
\(area_{square}=\frac{d^2}{2}\) and \(area_{rhombus}=\frac{d_1*d_2}{2}\).
The difference is \(area_{square}-area_{rhombus}=\frac{(15x)^2}{2}-\frac{11x*9x}{2}=63x^2\).
If x=1, then the difference is 63; If x=2, then the difference is 252; In order the difference to be 126 x should be \(\sqrt{2}\), which is not possible.
Answer: D.
Thank you. I have a question - Why cant x be [square_root]2. Why cant we have sides of lengths 5*[square_root]2, 11*[square_root]2 and 9*[square_root]2?
[b]1. The length of the diagonal of square S, as well as the lengths of the diagonals of rhombus R are integers. The ratio of the lengths of the diagonals is 15:11:9, respectively. Which of the following could be the difference between the area of square S and the area of rhombus R?
Given that the ratio of the diagonal is \(d_s:d_1:d_2=15x:11x:9x\), for some positive integer x (where \(d_s\) is the diagonal of square S and \(d_1\) and \(d_2\) are the diagonals of rhombus R).
\(area_{square}=\frac{d^2}{2}\) and \(area_{rhombus}=\frac{d_1*d_2}{2}\).
The difference is \(area_{square}-area_{rhombus}=\frac{(15x)^2}{2}-\frac{11x*9x}{2}=63x^2\).
If x=1, then the difference is 63; If x=2, then the difference is 252; In order the difference to be 126 x should be \(\sqrt{2}\), which is not possible.
Answer: D.
Thank you. I have a question - Why cant x be [square_root]2. Why cant we have sides of lengths 5*[square_root]2, 11*[square_root]2 and 9*[square_root]2?
Firstly, these are not the sides of the given square and rhombus. They are diagonal values, where 15x corresponds to the square(where the diagonals are equal) and the 11x and 9x correspond to the rhombus(which has unequal diagonals). Also, it is mentioned that they are all integers, thus, if \(x = \sqrt{2}\), then the value of the diagonal of the square/rhombus will no longer be an integer.
6. If the least common multiple of a positive integer x, 4^3 and 6^5 is 6^6. Then x can take how many values?
A. 1 B. 6 C. 7 D. 30 E. 36
We are given that \(6^6=2^{6}*3^{6}\) is the least common multiple of the following three numbers:
x; \(4^3=2^6\); \(6^5 = 2^{5}*3^5\);
First notice that \(x\) cannot have any other primes other than 2 or/and 3, because LCM contains only these primes.
Now, since the power of 3 in LCM is higher than the powers of 3 in either the second number or in the third, than \(x\) must have \(3^{6}\) as its multiple (else how \(3^{6}\) would appear in LCM?).
Next, \(x\) can have 2 as its prime in ANY power ranging from 0 to 6, inclusive (it cannot have higher power of 2 since LCM limits the power of 2 to 6).
Thus, \(x\) could take total of 7 values.
Answer: C.
Hi Bunuel, x can take factor of 2 with power from 2 to 6 or no factor of 2. So the answer can be 6 too. Please explain ! thanks
_________________
6. If the least common multiple of a positive integer x, 4^3 and 6^5 is 6^6. Then x can take how many values?
A. 1 B. 6 C. 7 D. 30 E. 36
We are given that \(6^6=2^{6}*3^{6}\) is the least common multiple of the following three numbers:
x; \(4^3=2^6\); \(6^5 = 2^{5}*3^5\);
First notice that \(x\) cannot have any other primes other than 2 or/and 3, because LCM contains only these primes.
Now, since the power of 3 in LCM is higher than the powers of 3 in either the second number or in the third, than \(x\) must have \(3^{6}\) as its multiple (else how \(3^{6}\) would appear in LCM?).
Next, \(x\) can have 2 as its prime in ANY power ranging from 0 to 6, inclusive (it cannot have higher power of 2 since LCM limits the power of 2 to 6).
Thus, \(x\) could take total of 7 values.
Answer: C.
Hi Bunuel, x can take factor of 2 with power from 2 to 6 or no factor of 2. So the answer can be 6 too. Please explain ! thanks
I don;t understand what you mean...
x can take the following 7 values: \(3^6\); \(2*3^6\); \(2^2*3^6\); \(2^3*3^6\); \(2^4*3^6\); \(2^5*3^6\); \(2^6*3^6\).
_________________
If you want to convert any fraction with denominator 9, 99, 999, so on,to decimal form, then see what is the value of the fraction with 10, 100, 1000,so on, as denominator.
For eg, 457/999 = ?
See 457/1000 = 0.457
Then, 457/999 = 0.457457457457...
This knowledge comes very handy at times with complex fractions.
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