HOT Competition 27 Aug/8PM: Numerous research articles argue that the

D. that it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters and, as a result, to make

To distinguish, to make -> Parallelism
so rapid "that" -> correct word to be used

A that hinder (singular subject: communicative pace being so rapid) the ability of some teenagers for distinguishing (ability to not ability for) discrete notes and letters and, the result is, to make (inconsistent parallelism: for distinguishing... to make...)

B. so it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters and, the result of this, they are unable to make (parallelism with to distinguish not respected)

C. that it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters, and results in not making (inconsistent parallelism with to distinguish)

D. that it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters and, as a result, to make - correct answer

E. as to (its not an intention/purpose) hinder the ability of some teenagers for distinguishing discrete notes and letters, resulting in being unable to make (missing subject and inconsistent parallelism)

correct answer: D

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Numerous research articles argue that the communicative pace of mundane life surprisingly may be so rapid that hinder the ability of some teenagers for distinguishing discrete notes and letters and, the result is, to make sense of speech.


A. that hinder the ability of some teenagers for distinguishing discrete notes and letters and, the result is, to make

B. so it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters and, the result of this, they are unable to make

C. that it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters, and results in not making

D. that it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters and, as a result, to make : CORRECT

E. as to hinder the ability of some teenagers for distinguishing discrete notes and letters, resulting in being unable to make

IMO D

IMO D

Error Analysis: Concepts checked - Parallelism, Idiom, prepositional phrase.
Idiom- "So X that Y" & "So X as to Y" both are correct idiom shows cause & Effect. But "So as so" present a sense of "in order to"
# Ability to ? Ability for X
# Parallelism: Ability "to distinguish" & "to make" ?

Numerous research articles argue that the communicative pace of mundane life surprisingly may be so rapid.................sense of speech.

A. that ** hinder the ability of some teenagers for distinguishing discrete notes and letters and, the result is, to make - Incorrect
"Ability for" should be "Ability to".Noun/Pronoun is missing after that **.

B. so it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters and, the result of this, they are unable to make Incorrect
"So X so" is an incorrect Idiom. Parallelism is also an issue- parallel structure is not used to describe the two things that are hindered by communicative pace of mundane life in the sentence.

C. that it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters, and results in not making Incorrect
Parallelism is an issue here- parallel structure is not used to describe the two things that are hindered by communicative pace of mundane life in the sentence. Also "Comma + And" should be followed by an independent clause but here it is not.

D. that it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters and, as a result, to make - Correct
Parallelism is maintained here- hinders the ability "to distinguish" and "to make..." . Idiom is also perfect here " So X that Y"

E. as to hinder the ability of some teenagers for distinguishing discrete notes and letters, resulting in being unable to make Incorrect
"Ability for" should be "Ability to".
"V-ing" modifier is also incorrectly used here. This modifier is used to present cause & effect that here implies" hindrance to the ability of teenagers to distinguish sound results in they not able to make sense" which isn't the intended meaning. Orginal sentence trying to convey describe the two things that are hindered by communicative pace of mundane life in the sentence

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Numerous research articles argue (Main subject: Numerous research articles; Verb: argue)
that the communicative pace of mundane life surprisingly may be so rapid that (dependent clause modifying verb "argue")
hinder the ability of some teenagers ( part of idiomatic phrase "so rapid that" modifying the verb)
for distinguishing discrete notes and letters (prepositional phrase modifying ability)
and, the result is, to make sense of speech. (second infinitive phrase modifying ability)


A. that hinder the ability of some teenagers for distinguishing discrete notes and letters and, the result is, to make
i. It is not clear what is the subject for verb hinder it cannot be that and also that is a par of an idiomatic phrase it cannot refer to '"the communicative pace"
ii. Also there is subject-verb number agreement for "hinder"
iii. Use of "ability for" is incorrect it should be "ability to" .This gives rise to a parallelism issue with "to make sense of speech".
iv. The use of "the result is" in the middle is awkward.

B. so it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters and, the result of this, they are unable to make
i. Use of "so rapid so" incorrect.
ii. "they are unable to make" parallel to " to distinguish discrete notes"

C. that it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters, and results in not making
i. comma + and before " results in not making" is incorrect as it is not an independent clause to be connected by comma+FANBOYS.

D. that it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters and, as a result, to make - correct

E. as to hinder the ability of some teenagers for distinguishing discrete notes and letters, resulting in being unable to make
i. use of "ability for' incorrect.
ii. Use of "being" suggests the continuity of not unable to make.

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CRACK Verbal Explanation:

A. ‘ability for’ is unidiomatic. 'For distinguishing' and 'to make' are not parallel. Also the correct form of the idiom is "so + adjective + that" - the "that" is missing. The sentence reads - "AND, the result is, it hinders the ability to make sense of speech" - result of what? Not clear.

B. "this" cannot refer to a clause. Also, note that we cannot use demonstrative pronouns/adjectives independently.

C. We do not use a comma before the "and" to join two verb phrases. Also, the second part - "results in not making sense of speech" - seems to imply that this happens for ALL the population, not to a specific group of teenagers.

D. Correct Answer. 'To distinguish' and 'to make' are parallel. "as a result" = "therefore/thus".

E. "ability for" is unidiomatic. 'For distinguishing' and 'to make' are not parallel. "resulting in ?" refers to "the conversational pace ?" whereas it should have logically referred to "some teenagers"

Between C and D
D. that it hinders the ability of some teenagers to distinguish discrete notes and letters and, as a result,<hinders the ability >to make sense of speech

to distinguish is parallel with to make, and if you add the omitted part, shown in grey, the sentence is right.