Updated the post with some additional tips on CR and RC sections.

How to improve your Verbal GMAT Score. This post is designed to compliment this one: http://gmatclub.com/forum/how-to-improv ... 42361.html

There are 2 aspects of preparing for the GMAT test, the academic preparation and the psychological preparation. I shall discuss each of these aspects separately.

A. ACADEMIC PREPARATION

Stage 1. Make a MENTAL MAP of the basic rules

Make yourself well-conversant with any one good strategy guide and make a mental map of all the rules therein.

What is a mental map? Well, first prepare a summary of all the rules, handwritten or typed in, in one place. Refer to those pages (if handwritten) or that word document (if typed in) so many times that you have a clear mental image of the rules. Hand-written maps seem to work better: writing by hand allows the brain to receive feedback from a person’s motor actions, and this specific feedback leaves a motor memory in the sensori-motor part of the brain, helping the person retain information better. Whichever method you adopt, ensure that your familiarity should be to such level that you are able to instantly recollect, on which page and in which part of the page any particular rule is available. This ability is important for instant retrieval of information when you are taking the test. Keep the map as simple as you can. Simpler the map, better you can retain it in your brain, and faster you can retrieve information when you need during the test.

I prepared from the Manhattan strategy guides and my mental map from one of the Sentence Correction chapters (Modifiers) looked somewhat like the sample below:

Sample mental maps

SC sample mental map (MGMAT SC strategy guide - Chapter 6: Modifiers)

1. Adjectives and Adverbs:
   
   • Linking verbs are often followed by adjectives, which modify the noun, not the verb.
   • Difference between: adj + adj + noun (both adjectives modify the noun) vs adv+adj+noun ( the adv modifies adj, which in turn modifies the noun)
   
   
2. Types of Noun Modifiers:
   
   • Adjective
   • Prep
   • Past participle
   • Present participle
   • Relative pronoun
   • Another noun
   • Position of a modifier:
   • Touch rule
   • Dangling modifiers
   
   
3. Possessive:
   
   • A noun modifier cannot modify a possessive ( as a pronoun cannot have a possessive antecedent):
   • Abstract nouns….touch rules apply to them as well
   
   
4. Noun modifier with relative pronoun:
   
   • Who (subject), whom (object) for people…. Which for things. That cannot be used for people.
   • Whose: people or thing.
   • Which and whom may follow preposition.
   • That or whom may be dropped when the modified noun is the object of the modifying clause.
   • Where for place…for metaphorical place..use ‘in which’
   • When or ‘in which’ for time.
   
   
5. Essential and non-essential modifiers:
   
   • Put COMMAS between NON-ESSENTIAL modifiers and their nouns.
   • Put NO COMMAS between ESSENTIAL modifiers and their nouns.
   • Use WHICH (and commas) if the modifier is non-essential.
   • Use THAT (and no commas) if the modifier is essential.
   
   
6. Verb Modifiers:
   
   • Adverb
   • Preposition
   • Subordinator
   
   
   Modifiers that can refer to the subject or the verb:
   
   • Present participle ( comma before and after)
   • Preposition + gerund (comma if before)
   • Infinitive (comma if before) – infinitives of purpose can be used without a subject in passive voice.
   
   Verb modifiers can be used more freely but it should be clear which verb it modifies.
   
   
7. ‘Which ‘ vs ‘-ing’
   
   • Use WHICH only to refer to the noun immediately preceding it—never to refer to an entire clause.
   • -ing is very flexible…may modify noun, or verb or an entire clause.

CR sample mental map (Random mixed notes from Kaplan GMAT 800 and Manhattan CR strategy guide)

1. A General Structure: A and B happens together. Conclusion - A causes B
   
   Type a. Weakening type problems: statement B causes A weakens the above structure
   
   Example of type a: verbal review 2nd Ed. Q#46 (A =unhappy marriage, B = mismatched sleeping cycle)
   
   Type b. Assumption type problems: statement B does not cause A is an assumption in the above structure.
   
   Example 1 of type b:
   A= I go to play
   B= I am happy
   Conclude: I go to play, therefore I am happy.; i.e., My playing has made me happy is concluded.
   Assumption: I am happy , therefore I go to play.. is NOT true; i.e. My happiness has not caused me to go to play is assumed.
   
   Example 2 of type b: OG verbal review 2nd Ed. Q#6
   A = low immune system
   B = mental illness
   Conclude: low immune system, therefore mental illness
   Assumed: mental illness, therefore low immune system....is NOT true; i.e. mental illness does not cause low immune system is the correct option.
   
   
2. Weakening: Statement A causes B weakens conclusion C causes B (something else causes B)
   Example: verbal review 2nd Ed. Q#16 (A = bad weather, B = delay, C =fewer landing slot)
   
   
3. Inference: Given: A implies B. Cannot conclude: B implies A. Can conclude: NOT B implies NOT A.
   
   
4. Describe Role: Steps to solve any DR problem:
   
   Step a. Mark each sentence with letters P (premise), C (conclusion), XP (counter-premise), XC (counter conclusion) or B (background).
   Step b. Determine the letter combination of the bold-lettered sentences
   Step c. Take each answer choice at a time and determine combination letters
   Step d. The combinations in b and correct option in c above should match.
   
   Example: OG 13th Ed. Q#116
   Step a.
   Age ↑, creativity ↓….. XC
   Creative work < 40……… XP
   Scientists late entry ,creative work >40 ….. P ( 1st bold-faced sentence)
   Scientists early entry, long time,so burned up new ideas…. C (2nd bold-faced sentence)
   Step b.
   Letter combo for bold-faced sentence: P,C
   Step c.
   Answer choices:
   Option(A): XP,XC
   Option (B): XC, C
   Option (C): XP, XC
   Option (D): XP, P
   Option (E): P,C
   Step d.
   Correct answer E

RC sample mental map (MGMAT RC strategy guide - Chapter 5: The seven strategies)

1. General questions: main idea, organization etc….. do not re-read the passage..dive straight into answer choices and start eliminating….use your skeletal notes and keep ‘the point’ in mind…… If stuck between 2 close answers, use numbering system (2 points if the choice relates to first para, 1 for subsequent)
   
   
2. Specific questions: do not read the answer choices, go to the passage directly…identify key words and search for it or its synonym in the passage…bring back a few lines from the passage as ‘mantra’ and eliminate the wring choices using the ‘mantra’.
   
   
3. Strategies:
   a. Justify every word in the answer choice. (a single word not relevant to the passage is a wrong choice)
   b. Avoid extreme word in general. ( all, never)
   c. Infer as little as possible…. “the passage suggests” = “ the passage says a little differently” ..….avoid long logical steps to infer, the inferences are very simple in general.
   
   
4. Preview the first question.

End of sample mental maps.

Stage 2. Practice OG problems and monitor your progress

After you finish developing the mental maps chapter-wise for all the three sections, SC, CR and RC, start working out problems from OG and Verbal review. I tried to solve 30-40 problems daily from the 3 sections altogether. You should maintain a performance log and an error log during this stage.


Performance log:
Maintain a performance log to monitor your daily progress. You may refer to a sample performance log in the file attached to this post below.



ErrorLog:
Apart from maintaining a performance log, maintain an error log. Keep track of all the errors you make while solving the OG problems. A sample error log may look somewhat like below:


Sample Error Log:
Diagnostic test (13th review):

• 44. (note): seldom more than 40 feet deep OR 12 feet wide…… “not A OR B” is generally correct.. “not A and B means”…any condition which is not A and B simultaneously….
  Not (A or B) = not A and not B.. (AU B)’ = A’ ∩ B’
  Not (A and B) = not A or not B.. (A∩B)’ = A’U B’
  Seldom more than 40 feet deep OR 12 feet wide = mostly less than 40 feet deep and 12 feet wide.
  Seldom more than 40 feet deep AND 12 feet wide = mostly less than 40 feet deep (but could be more than 12 feet wide) or less than 12 feet wide ( but could be more than 40 feet deep)…this meaning is not the intended one.
  
• 49. Chose B..the mistake is the verb ‘include’ is in present tense and should be in past, verb tense mix-up…..also modifiers on both sides of the noun is awkward.
  C is the correct answer….the participial phrase ’training…’ correctly modifies the subject of the preceding clause.
  
• 50. Chose C… “way for” is wrong, antecedent of ‘it’ is not clear..…..eliminated A because judged “ that protect copyright…” wrongly modifies “internet”….however considering that all other choices are wrong..it is accepted since a modifier may sometimes modify a noun slightly far from them separated by another essential modifier. ( “way” separated by “ of distributing songs on the internet”)…correct answer is A. will protect and (will) foil…will not required in the second item for parallelism.

Stage 3. Solve the GMATprep question pack, solve the problems from OG error log again and simultaneously take full length mock tests.

At this stage of your preparation, you will need to maintain a cycle of practicing problems, solving the problems of your error log again and taking full-length tests. Following could be a cycle that you will follow:

Day 1: GMATprep question pack 30 verbal problems (maintain error log)
Day 2: GMATprep question pack 20 verbal problems (maintain error log), 10 problems from your OG error log (prepared in stage 2 above).
Day 3: Take full-length test

The distribution of the GMATprep question pack and OG error log problems depends on the number of problems available on the pack and on your error log.

For full-length mock tests, I would recommend that you select the following:

a. GMATprep exam pack 4 tests ( 2 free + 2 paid): difficulty level similar to GMAT test.
b. GMATclub tests: higher difficulty than GMAT. Attempting higher difficulty tests is mandatory to keep the string tight!
c. Manhattan tests: higher difficulty than GMAT.
d. Veritas prep tests: difficulty level similar to GMAT test.

The more number of times you repeat the above cycle, the better you are ready for a V40 (or even higher). I would suggest that you take at least 10 cycles (i.e. 10 full-length tests in a span of 30 days).

Stage 4. The last 3 days before the final GMAT test are critical.

DO NOT stress your brain during these 3 days. Casually scan through your GMATprep error log (prepared in stage 3 above). Sleep plenty.


B. PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION

Equally (YES, EQUALLY) important is preparing yourself psychologically. Following are a few preparations / practices that will help in getting ready psychologically for the highly stressful final day.

1. Set fire to your heart and feel the heat in your stomach: Yes, you need to feel the heat almost continuously. Prepare as though your life depends on GMAT (yes, it actually does). Clench your teeth and determine that 7xx is what you are destined for; do not hope, decide. “I hope to get 7xx”: no, this thought is weak. “I decide to get 7xx”: yes, this though will take you to 7xx.
   
   
2. Stick to your plan: If you have planned your study schedule, stick to the plan. You may have an important meeting to attend at the office or may have to put in extra hours of work to complete a presentation or to meet a tender submission deadline, or you may have to take your wife for weekly shopping or drop your daughter for the dance class – come what may, do not deviate from your study plan. Make broader plans, weekly or even monthly plans, plans those are easier to stick to than to daily plans; but once your plan is frozen, you must not deviate.
   
   
3. Eat brain food, live healthy: Ban junk food, eat a lot of salt-water fish and a variety of nuts and seeds, and drink a couple of cups of coffee every day. Exercise vigorously at least 4 days a week and sleep at least seven and a half hour daily. Maintain this routine throughout your preparation stage.
   
   
4. Breath right: Conscious breathing helps improve concentration – practice paced breathing whenever you become conscious that you are not practicing and continue practicing till you are no longer conscious that you are practicing. Determine a pace suitable for yourself – I used to practice on ‘Inhale 4 second – Hold 2 second – Exhale 6 second – Hold 2 second’ cycle, about 4.3 breaths per minute. I was using an android app by the name ‘paced breathing’ to help me with the timing: whenever possible I had my earphones on with the paced breathing app running on my phone.
   
   
5. Eat a lot of energy food on the test day: I had 8 Granola bars, 2 bananas and a 500 ml bottle of Gatorade for breakfast. During each break, I had 2 granola bars and half a bottle Gatorade, even though I did not feel hungry. I do not know how caffeine works since I did not have caffeine on the test day.
   
   
6. Don’t let your nerves take over during the test: Into the 30th question in the quantitative section, my computer screen went blank!!! There was utter darkness, on the screen, and in my mind!!! I realized that I inadvertently touched the power button of the monitor while carrying out calculations on the scratchpad. I lost about 20 seconds, perhaps costing me one additional error in the quant section. However, now I have a valid consolation that I could not break the 51 threshold in quant section because of that 20-second black-out, even though my success rate in reaching Q51 in the mock tests was only 1 to 3.

Good luck !

Hi,

I think concentrating, reading and understanding a passage is what differentiate high scorers in verbal from the low scorer. This would also enable good pre-thinking.
In my opinion, the best way to achieve this is severe practice and it also helps if you have read widely, including on current affairs. From my experience, all of the passages and questions (RC,CR and SC) in GMAT actually reflect reality, in fact, some of them might just be culled from research papers and journals.

Trying to attack the GMAT verbal in a formulaic way, will only carry you so far, just as trying to memorize formulae for quant. Those who do well in quant, do so because the concepts are second nature to them, it's virtually the same in the verbal. Hence, doing very well (>90 percentile)l in verbal requires you to be able to read, comprehend, pre-think effectively.