This is a response to a PM asking about this question's explanation.
The winner here undoubtedly is OPTION D
Let us quickly sort out the fact into readable list
PREMISE 1) Hyperkalemia is a potentially fatal condition found most often in kidney dialysis patients
PREMISE 2) Hyperkalemia is the result of extremely high levels of potassium in the blood
PREMISE 3) Hyperkalemia can be treated with an injection of calcium chlorideCOUNTER-PREMISE) :- Since calcium chloride destroys surrounding tissues, doctors overwhelmingly prefer preventative treatments
Now to find the conclusion lets check the options one by one
-Potassium is poisonous except in very small amounts.
WRONG:- "POISONOUS".. are you kidding ... ??? The argument never says that potassium is poisonous. Argument talks about a
POTENTIALLY (not definite) FATAL CONDITION caused by high dosage of potassium .
So first of all there is no poison involved , secondly even if too much of potassium is present in the body, the condition is
POTENTIALLY FATAL. It may or may not be fatal in every case. It has the potential to become fatal, but in how many cases it becomes fatal cannot be deduced. Diabetes is a potentially fatal condition but diabetic people live long with proper diet and exercise.
-Since the symptoms of hyperkalemia resemble those of heart attack, the condition is often misdiagnosed.
WRONG:- Straight out garbage . Throw it out even without consideration. There is no mention of Heart-attack in the stimulus.
-Calcium supplements are the preferred preventative treatment for hyperkalemia.
WRONG:-
REVERSE ANSWER:- This is an answer to fool newbies.
The COUNTER PREMISE we reached through our analysis tells us that
calcium is RARELY USED by doctors because it is dangerous to tissues.
Doctors prefer preventive treatment. It means doctors prefer to prevent the onset of Hyperkelemia. If during a checkup doctors find high Potassium level in a person then they try to treat that person ever before hyperkelelmia can become a big problem to the patient. THEY USE PREVENTIVE MEASURES, which means they try to prevent the onset of hyperkelemia.
Calcium is the least preferred line of treatment.-The kidneys are at least partially responsible for removing excess potassium from the bloodstream.
BINGO CORRECT ANSWER :-
Premise 1 tells us that
hyperkelemia is found in dialysis patients whose kidney are not working properly. Premise 2 tells us that
hyperkelemic patients has high level of potassium in the blood. What does it tells us.
Hyperkalemia = Bad kidneys (needs dialysis)
Hyperkalemia = High potassium in blood
If bad kidney = high pottasium in blood THEN good Healthy kidneys = low pottasium in blood
It means good healthy kidneys remove potassium from the blood. Might be .. This option is logically deductive from the set of premises
-Most cases of hyperkalemia result in permanent tissue damage.
WRONG :- Hyperkalemia causes swelling, pain, and irregular pulse rate but NO TISSUE DAMAGE. Tissue damage happens when calcium is given to treat hyperkalemia.
NOTE:- The answer is very easy to spot through logical deduction by sorting the argument in premises.
IF YOU ARE NOT CONVINCED WITH THE ANSWER BY DEDUCTIVE REASONING, THEN USE PROCESS OF ELIMINATION. ALL OTHER ANSWERS ARE BLATANTLY WRONG IN ONE WAY OR ANOTHER LEAVING ONLY OPTION D.
nitin6305 wrote:
Hyperkalemia is a potentially fatal condition found most often in kidney dialysis patients that causes pain, severely erratic pulse, and tissue swelling throughout the body. Hyperkalemia is the result of extremely high levels of potassium in the blood and, in an emergency, can be treated with an injection of calcium chloride. However, since calcium chloride destroys surrounding tissues if it escapes from a vein, doctors overwhelmingly prefer preventative treatments.
Which of the following can most logically be concluded based on the passage above?
-Potassium is poisonous except in very small amounts.
-Since the symptoms of hyperkalemia resemble those of heart attack, the condition is often misdiagnosed.
-Calcium supplements are the preferred preventative treatment for hyperkalemia.
-The kidneys are at least partially responsible for removing excess potassium from the bloodstream.
-Most cases of hyperkalemia result in permanent tissue damage.
I cannot understand the logic behind OA. Need help.