kairoshan wrote:
If x, y, and z are integers, and x < y < z, is z – y = y – x?
(1) The mean of the set {x, y, z, 4} is greater than the mean of the set {x, y, z}.
(2) The median of the set {x, y, z, 4} is less than the median of the set {x, y, z}.
Question Stem : Is 2y = z + x ; x , y , z , are integers such that x < y < z
St. (1) : \(\frac{x+y+z+4}{4} > \frac{x+y+z}{3}\)
This simplifies to : \(12 > x + y + z\)
Consider the following two sets both of which satisfy all the given conditions:
(a) {2, 3, 4} ----> Proves the question stem true.
(b) {2, 3, 5} ----> Proves the question stem false.
Since we get contradicting solutions, statement is Insufficient.
St. (2) : median of the set {x, y, z, 4} < median of the set {x, y, z}
The problem here is that we don't know the relation of 4 with respect to the other numbers. Let us consider all the possible cases and see how St. (2) relates to them :
Case 1 : {4, x, y, z} --> \(\frac{x+y}{2} < y\) --> y > x which is already specified.
Case 2 : {x, 4, y, z} --> \(\frac{4+y}{2} < y\) --> y > 4
Case 3 : {x, y, 4, z} --> \(\frac{y+4}{2} < y\) --> y > 4 which is false since we assumed y < 4 in the set.
Case 4 : {x, y, z, 4} --> \(\frac{y+z}{2} < y\) --> y > z which is false since it violates information in question stem.
Thus the only two valid cases are Case 1 and 2. However, they do not give us enough information to answer the question stem.
Hence, Insufficient.
St. (1) and (2) together : \(12 > x + y + z\) ; Case 1 and 2 from above.
Now let us see how Case 1 and 2 relate to St. (1) :
Case 1 : {4, x, y, z} --> y > 4 (assumed for the set)
Case 2 : {x, 4, y, z} --> y > 4 (assumed for the set)
Note: The important thing to note here is that the only valid cases from St. (2) are those in which we have assumed y > 4.Thus, for the conditions:
(a) y > 4
(b) x + y + z < 12
(c) x < y < z
(d) x, y, z are integers
The only set of values possible are x < ; y >= 5; z >= 6
More importantly, this tells us that x, y and z can never be equidistant from each other (which is a condition necessary for 2y = x + z). Thus the question stem will always be false.
Sufficient.
Answer : C