sudeep wrote:
In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair
due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls.
(A) due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing
(B) due to moisture that tourists had exhaled, thereby raising its humidity to such levels that salt from the stone would crystallize
(C) because tourists were exhaling moisture, which had raised the humidity within them to levels such that salt from the stone would crystallize
(D) because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them to levels so high as to make the salt from the stone crystallize
(E) because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing
As per the
OG explanation, 'them' in C and D seems to refer to 'tourists', but in E 'them' clearly refers to chambers.
Can someone please explain the concept of the pronoun reference in this case?
What I understood is that:
in the case of E tourists is the noun in the modifier 'exhaled by tourists'. So, 'tourists' loose the significance as it is out of scope for the remaining main sentence/clause. But is is the right creteria to reject the pronoun reference to noun 'tourists'.
PS: I know why the OA mentioned is correct, but need clarification on the above concept of pronoun reference.here we go.
First GlanceThe relatively long underline begins with a split between due to and because of. Watch out for
Meaning, Modifier, and Idiom issues.
Issues(1) Meaning / ModifierIdiom: because of moisture raisingThe answers contain a split between
due to and
because of.
Due to X modifies a
noun. Consider this example:
His success was due to hard work. In this sentence, “due to hard work” modifies “success,”
meaning that his hard work resulted in success.
In the original sentence, the moisture resulted in cleaning and repair. This is true indirectly, but really the moisture caused a
series of events: The humidity increased, causing the salt to crystallize, and as a result of that, the chambers were closed for
cleaning and repair.
The moisture didn't result directly in cleaning and repair. Look for a choice that offers a more clear
causal sequence. Eliminate answers (A) and (B) for faulty meaning.
Answers (C), (D), and (E) all use because—one step in the right direction. Answer (C) still maintains a muddled meaning,
though: The chambers were closed because tourists were exhaling moisture. Again, this is true only indirectly. Eliminate
answer (C).
In answer (D), because of moisture raising is not a preferred idiomatic construction. A better idiomatic structure would be
because moisture raised.
(2) Pronoun: itsTwo answers use the singular
its; three answers use the plural
them.
The sentence indicates that the chambers inside the pyramid were closed because of problems;
this doesn't necessarily mean
that the entire pyramid was closed or affected by the humidity issues. The pronoun, then, should refer to the plural chambers,
not the singular pyramid. Eliminate answers (A) and (B).
(3) Idiom: such X so that YThe original sentence contains the construction raised its humidity to such levels so that salt was crystallizing.
Such X so that Y is not a correct idiom. One correct idiom is
such X that Y. Eliminate answer (A).
(4) Parallelism: X and YThe word
and appears immediately after the underline ends, signaling an
X and Y parallel structure. The Y portion is
fungus
was growing. Which X structures are parallel?
(A) the stone
was crystallizing(B) the stone would crystallize
(C) the stone would crystallize
(D) to make the salt crystallize
(E) the stone
was crystallizingAnswers (A) and (E) are both parallel. In answers (B) and (C), the
would structure doesn't make sense; the salt must already
have crystallized, just as the fungus already grew, because the chambers were closed as a result. Answer (D) uses a
completely different structure for the X portion; it is not parallel to the Y portion. Eliminate answers (B), (C), and (D).
The Correct AnswerCorrect answer (E) conveys a clear causal sequence: The chambers were closed because moisture had raised the humidity to
such levels that two bad effects occurred.