Insanity at the time of the offense, we are told, relieves

Insanity at the time of the offense, we are told, relieves the offender of criminal responsibility. This may mean either that “insanity” is to serve as evidence that precludes establishing—by leaving in doubt—some material element of an offense, or that “insanity” is to serve as a defense to a crime, even though each of its elements can be established beyond doubt, to protect a preferred value threatened by the imposition of an authorized sanction.

Which of the following may be assumed from the preceding passage?

Insanity at the time of trial is insufficient to deter conviction

Sanity may be a necessary and material element for the commission of a crime

The defense of insanity may be unnecessary since there are other more sophisticated means of proving innocence today.

The question of insanity has little bearing on the question of criminal responsibility and conviction

The insanity defense should be abolished as we have seen continued evidence of its abuse