winterschool
Q1. To combat human error involved in air traffic control, Miro Jets Inc. has recently installed each of its DC-10 passenger planes with a special anti-collision device. The device alerts the DC-10, via a red light, when another plane is slightly more than three minutes away from a potential collision. Aviation experts at Miro Jet Inc. have determined that three minutes is ample time for a plane to divert its respective flight paths to avoid a collision. Therefore, if the red light on the anti-collision device is off, the DC-10 is more than three minutes flying time from any plane. Which of the following, if true, most fundamentally calls into question the aviation analyst’s argument? (A) Recently, a near collision in which both planes were less than 90 seconds flying distance from each other was averted only by the prompt actions of air traffic controllers. (B) Some aviation experts warn that in certain cases three minutes may not provide sufficient time for aircrafts to maneuver without causing onboard injuries. (C) The anti-collision device only signals planes of oncoming directions, not those planes that are flying in parallel. (D) When two DC-10’s approach each other the red lights on each aircraft do not necessarily turn on simultaneously. (E) The DC-10 is not the only aircraft model to have been installed with the anti-collision device. Please explain why the OA directly weakens the conclusion.
winterschool
Q2. Proponents of the theory of social utilitarianism hold that the value of human capital should bear an inherent relation to its social utility. Although maximizing the value of human capital is both morally defensible and economically praiseworthy, the theory of social utilitarianism has severe practical limitations. If the price of labor were to become a measure of social utility and not of scarcity, the labor market would suffer significant distortions that may well reduce, and not increase, the current level of human capital. The argument proceeds by (A) Questioning a proposed strategy by showing that, if implemented, such a strategy could compromise the very objectives it is trying to achieve. (B) Criticizing a course of action by showing that, even if morally defensible, the end result does not always justify the means necessary to achieve it. (C) Criticizing a strategy by suggesting that there is an alternative way of achieving its proposed advantages without risking a number of serious disadvantages. (D) Conceding that a social policy may have certain ethical advantages that are ultimately outweighed by the impossibility of putting such a policy into effect. (E) Establishing that undesirable consequences result from the adoption of a social policy whose goal is antithetical to the central tenets of a free market economy.
CR Questions March - 4 :Q1. Scientists have discovered a gene that controls whether an individual is monogamous. They took a gene from the monogamous prairie vole and implanted it into its more promiscuous relative, the meadow vole. Thereafter, the meadow voles with the new gene became monogamous.
Which one of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the argument’s conclusion?
(A) Studies on humans and other mammals have shown that receptors for the hormone vasopressin play a role in autism, drug addiction, and the formation of romantic attachments.
(B) Prairie voles typically form lifelong partnerships, which scientists have linked to an increased number of receptors for the hormone vasopressin.
(C) Meadow voles live in a harsher environment than prairie voles and cannot afford to pass up opportunities to mate as often as possible.
(D) The scientists used a harmless virus to capture the gene and transfer it into the meadow voles.
(E) The meadow voles that had the prairie vole gene implanted in them were released into and observed in the same habitat in which they had previously lived.
Q2. In a certain wildlife park, park rangers are able to track the movements of many rhinoceroses because those animals wear radio collars. When, as often happens, a collar slips off, it is put back on. Putting a collar on a rhinoceros involves immobilizing the animal by shooting it with a tranquilizer dart. Female rhinoceroses that have been frequently recollared have significantly lower fertility rates than uncollared females. Probably, therefore, some substance in the tranquilizer inhibits fertility.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) The dose of tranquilizer delivered by a tranquilizer dart is large enough to give the rangers putting collars on rhinoceroses a generous margin of safety.
(B) The fertility rate of uncollared female rhinoceroses in the park has been increasing in the past few decades.
(C) Any stress that female rhinoceroses may suffer as a result of being immobilized and handled has little or no negative effect on their fertility.
(D) The male rhinoceroses in the wildlife park do net lose their collars as often as the park’s female rhinoceroses do.
(E) The tranquilizer used in immobilizing rhinoceroses is the same as the tranquilizer used in working with other large mammals.