This isn’t exactly the hardest or sexiest GMAT SC question, but it covers a nice, mechanical bit of parallelism that the GMAT seems to love. Whenever you see an either/or construction, the thing that follows “either” and the thing that follows “or” need to be parallel to each other. In other words, both need to be verbs, or prepositions, or modifiers, or whatever.
With that in mind…
Quote:
(A) empire, fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or
(A) gives us: “… fashioned either
from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or
Gandharan grey schist.” That’s definitely not parallel: “from” is a preposition, and “Ganharan grey schist” is a noun. Not cool.
(A) is out.
Quote:
(B) empire, fashioned from either the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from
(B) just rearranges the error in (A): “… fashioned from either
the spotted sandstone of Mathura or
from Gandharan grey schist.” That’s still not parallel: “the spotted sandstone” is a noun, and “from” is a preposition. Still not cool.
(B) is out, too.
Quote:
(C) empire, either fashioned from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or
(C) gives us: “… either
fashioned from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or
Gandharan grey schist.” That’s still not parallel: “fashioned” is an adjective, and “Gandharan grey schist” is a noun. And that’s not cool, either.
(And if you’re not sure that “fashioned” is an adjective, check out
this article on the GMAT’s uses of “-ed” words.)
Anyway, we can eliminate (C).
Quote:
(D) empire and either fashioned from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from
The hits keep coming: “… either
fashioned from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or
from Gandharan grey schist.” That’s still not parallel: “fashioned” is still an adjective, and “from” is still a preposition. And that’s yet again not cool.
I’m also not sure that the parallelism works quite right around the word “and”, either. After the “and”, we have “either fashioned from…” – and I can’t find anything earlier in the sentence that's parallel to "either fashioned from".
But to be honest, you don’t really have to worry about that. The “either/or” problem gives you an easy excuse to eliminate (D).
And I hope we like (E)…
Quote:
(E) empire and were fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from
The either/or thing looks OK: “either
from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or
from Gandharan grey schist.” Nice.
The parallelism earlier in the sentence is fine now, too: “Many of the earliest known images of Hindu deities in India
date from the time of the Kushan empire and
were fashioned from…” Hey, that works, too. The images date from the time of the Kushan empire, and they also were fashioned from sandstone and schist.
So (E) is the best answer.