Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneu

WHY the usage of COMMA+INCLUDING is WRONG?

There are advantages and disadvantages for each means of collection of medical waste, including gravity chutes, carts, and pneumatic tubes.

Since COMMA+INCLUDING modifies the specific PLURAL SETs in the sentence, it seems "gravity chutes, carts, and pneumatic tubes" are some advantages and disadvantages (not the means of the collection because means is singular here)

A replica of this official question.

https://gmatclub.com/forum/violin-strin ... fl=similar

A. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which have heir own advantages and disadvantages.

when each is used as the subject for a verb then the verb should be singular, here "have"-is plural therefore this option is wrong!

B. Collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, is medical waste.

the modifier "collected by gravity chutes....tube" should be followed by the entity its modifying (i.e medical waste)

this option has a modifier error

C. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes are also used, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.

the phrase "are also used" is redundant and unnecessary , the sentence is fine without the phrase

D. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.

has refers to the singular subject each and this sentence does not contain any other errors! therefore this is the right answer!

E. There are advantages and disadvantages for each means of collection of medical waste, including gravity chutes, carts, and pneumatic tubes.

this option creates a meaning error! this option means that gravity chutes, carts and pneumatic tubes itself advantages and the disadvantages
the option however means to say that gravity chutes, carts and pneumatic tubes have advantages and disadvantages they themselves are not the advantages and disadvantages.

therefore option D is the correct option!!

Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which have their own advantages and disadvantages.

A. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which have their own advantages and disadvantages ---- Each of which 'has' is the correct verb. Each is a singular noun and 'of which' is just a prepositional intermediary.


B. Collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, is medical waste. --- Awkward, inverted and passive sentence


C. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes are also used, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. ---or "pneumatic tubes are also used' is unparallel to its previous object nouns in the list.
D. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. -- The best choice

E. There are advantages and disadvantages for each means of a collection of medical waste, including gravity chutes, carts, and pneumatic tubes. --- Altered intent.

D is the correct choice

Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which ""have"" their own advantages and disadvantages........here have should be replaced with has


D correctly conveys the meaning... With no errors

OA:D

Posted from my mobile device

each of which is singular so use of has is correct over have
IMO D ;
Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.



[url]Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which have their own advantages and disadvantages.[/url]

A. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which have their own advantages and disadvantages.
B. Collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, is medical waste.
C. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes are also used, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.
D. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.
E. There are advantages and disadvantages for each means of collection of medical waste, including gravity chutes, carts, and pneumatic tubes.

Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which have their own advantages and disadvantages.

A. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which have their own advantages and disadvantages.
B. Collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, is medical waste.
C. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes are also used, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.
D. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.
E. There are advantages and disadvantages for each means of collection of medical waste, including gravity chutes, carts, and pneumatic tubes.

Eliminated A as S-V error. Each of which have is incorrect. B is out because of flipping the sequence of the sentence.
C the use of they to refer to the list collectively and then use of its is incorrect.
E is out for flipping the meaning.


IMO D

Hi [Bunuel
Option A has a typing mistake. Would you please have a look?

A. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which have heir own advantages and disadvantages.

The usage of COMMA+INCLUDING:

1. COMMA+INCLUDING modifies the specific PLURAL SETs in the sentence.
2. COMMA+INCLUDING does not specify all items of the list. It specifies some subsets or some items out of the whole list.

For example,
Students participate in several standardized tests for admission in a B school, including SAT, GRE & TOEFL.
Here,
1. "SAT, GRE & TOEFL" are the examples of "standardized tests" not "B school".
2. There are a lot of standardized tests such as SAT, GRE, TOEFL, GMAT, IELTS etc. This sentence has specified some of those tests (not the full list).

Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which have their own advantages and disadvantages.

A. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which have heir own advantages and disadvantages. S-V Agreement error, "each" should have a singular verb has
B. Collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, is medical waste. Awkward
C. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes are also used, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. list error
D. Medical waste is generally collected by gravity chutes, carts, or pneumatic tubes, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. Correct
E. There are advantages and disadvantages for each means of collection of medical waste, including gravity chutes, carts, and pneumatic tubes. Wordky

Official Explanation

Correct Answer: D

This choice is nearly identical to a, except that choice a makes a mistake in subject-verb agreement (have instead of has, which must be singular to agree with each). Choice b reverses the subject and predicate, creating awkward word order. Choice c disrupts the parallel structure of the list, and choice e is slightly wordy and less direct than choice d.