goalsnr wrote:
Most archaeologists have held that people first reached the Americas less than 20,000 years ago by crossing a land bridge into North America. But recent discoveries of human shelters in South America dating from 32,000 years ago have led researchers to speculate that people arrived in South America first, after voyaging across the Pacific, and then spread northward.
Which of the following, if it were discovered, would be pertinent evidence against the speculation above?
(A) A rock shelter near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, contains evidence of use by human beings 19,000 years ago.
(B) Some North American sites of human habitation predate any sites found in South America.
(C) The climate is warmer at the 32,000-year-old South American site than at the oldest known North American site.
(D) The site in South America that was occupied 32,000 years ago was continuously occupied until 6,000 years ago.
(E) The last Ice Age, between 11,500 and 20,000 years ago, considerably lowered worldwide sea levels
Old Belief: People first reached the Americas less than 20,000 years ago by crossing a land bridge into North America.
Discovery: Human shelters in South America dating from 32,000 years ago
Speculation: People arrived in South America first, after voyaging across the Pacific, and then spread northward.
We need evidence against speculation.
(A) A rock shelter near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, contains evidence of use by human beings 19,000 years ago.
In either case (first reaching NA by land or SA by sea), one would expect a shelter in Pennsylvania. So it doesn't go against the speculation.
(B) Some North American sites of human habitation predate any sites found in South America.
North American sites are older than any SA sites. So if sites have been found in SA dating 32,000 yrs ago, there are sites in NA predating those. Hence, this is evidence against first arrival in SA (our speculation). This is the answer.
(C) The climate is warmer at the 32,000-year-old South American site than at the oldest known North American site.
Warmer/colder climate has no understandable relevance to us and hence this is irrelevant.
(D) The site in South America that was occupied 32,000 years ago was continuously occupied until 6,000 years ago.
Continuous occupation of the site makes no difference. Some people from the site could have traveled to NA so it is in agreement with our speculation.
(E) The last Ice Age, between 11,500 and 20,000 years ago, considerably lowered worldwide sea levels
What happened 11,500 and 20,000 years ago is irrelevant. We have found a site in SA of 32,000 yrs ago. If people still did not first arrive in SA, we need to know what happened more than 32000 yrs ago, say what happened 35,000 years ago. This is irrelevant.
Answer (B)