LithiumIon wrote:
Neuroscientist: Memory evolved to help animals react appropriately to situations they encounter by drawing on the past experience of similar situations. But this does not require that animals perfectly recall every detail of all their experiences. Instead, to function well, memory should generalize from past experiences that are similar to the current one.
The neuroscientist's statements, if true, most strongly support which of the following conclusions?
(A) At least some animals perfectly recall every detail of at least some past experiences.
(B) Perfectly recalling every detail of all their past experiences could help at least some animals react more appropriately than they otherwise would to new situations they encounter.
(C) Generalizing from past experiences requires clear memories of most if not all the details of those experiences.
(D) Recalling every detail of all past experiences would be incompatible with any ability to generalize from those experiences.
(E) Animals can often react more appropriately than they otherwise would to situations they encounter if they draw on generalizations from past experiences of similar situations.
OG16 Question 1 P502OG17 CR 544 P510ID - CR09616Evolution of Memory
Step 1: Identify the Question
The words support which of the following conclusions in the question stem indicate that this is an Inference question.
Step 2: Deconstruct the Argument
Purpose of memory: past experience → smarter reactions
BUT don’t need all details (can generalize)
Step 3: Pause and State the Goal
On Inference questions, the goal is to find an answer that can be proven based only on the information in the argument.
Step 4: Work from Wrong to Right
(A) The argument doesn’t give any evidence regarding the memory abilities of particular animals, only information about how memory works in general. In fact, the argument specifies that animals don’t need to perfectly recall details, since they can generalize.
(B) The argument specifies that memory can function well without perfect recall of details. It’s possible that perfectly recalling details would cause memory to function even better, but the argument doesn’t claim that this is the case.
(C) The argument contrasts perfectly recalling every detail with generalizing from past experiences, using the word instead. The argument does not indicate that generalizing from past experiences requires recall of most if not all details; it’s possible that recall of only some, not most, details is required.
(D) Animals can generalize from past experiences to make up for their inability to recall every detail perfectly. However, an animal that could recall every detail perfectly might still generalize from past experiences. The argument doesn’t provide any information about such animals, so no conclusions about them can be drawn.
(E) CORRECT. The first sentence of the argument claims that memory helps animals react appropriately. In the final sentence, the author claims that memory can function well by generalizing from similar situations. This answer combines those two claims: if the animal generalizes from similar past situations, it can then react more appropriately in future situations.
Hi LithiumIon
This is one interesting question of
Critical Reasoning.
Question stem: Find among the options that is supported by the information given in the passage. Thus, this is an inference question.
Understanding passage:Memory evolved to help animals react appropriately to situations they encounter by drawing on the past experience of similar situations. But this does not require that animals perfectly recall every detail of all their experiences.
>>The author begins by stating that memory evolved to help animals react according to situations.
>>>>>This is because memory helps to draw past experiences of similar situations.
>>However, this does not require that animals perfectly recall every detail
Instead, to function well, memory should generalize from past experiences that are similar to the current one.
>>For functioning, memory should generalize from past experiences.
Pre-thinking:What new information can be deduced from the above passage?
Generalizations from past experiences help animals respond appropriately to situations.
Answer Choice Analysis:
(A) At least some animals perfectly recall every detail of at least some past experiences.Out of scope
The passage does not shed any light on whether or not some animals perfectly recall every detail of at least some past experiences.
(B) Perfectly recalling every detail of all their past experiences could help at least some animals react more appropriately than they otherwise would to new situations they encounter.
Out of scope
The argument does not give us any information regarding this claim.
(C) Generalizing from past experiences requires clear memories of most if not all the details of those experiences.
Out of scope
The argument does not support this claim.
(D) Recalling every detail of all past experiences would be incompatible with any ability to generalize from those experiences.
Irrelevant
The argument talks about generalisations helping to overcome situations. It does not refer to whether or not recalling every detail of all past experiences would be incompatible with ability to generalize.
(E) Animals can often react more appropriately than they otherwise would to situations they encounter if they draw on generalizations from past experiences of similar situations.
This is in line with our pre-thinking. The argument supports the claim that if animals draw on generalizations from past, they often react more appropriately.
This in my opinion is a 650-700 level question. I hope I elaborated enough.
Is there anything you would like me to focus on more??
Pls share your thoughts.