Akela wrote:
Occultist: The issue of whether astrology is a science is easily settled: it is both an art and a science. The scientific components are the complicated mathematics and the astronomical knowledge needed to create an astrological chart. The art is in the synthesis of a multitude of factors and symbols into a coherent statement of their relevance to an individual.
The reasoning in the occultist’s argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument
(A) presumes, without providing justification, that any science must involve complicated mathematics
(B) incorrectly infers that a practice is a science merely from the fact that the practice has some scientific components
(C) denies the possibility that astrology involves components that are neither artistic nor scientific
(D) incorrectly infers that astronomical knowledge is scientific merely from the fact that such knowledge is needed to create an astrological chart
(E) presumes, without providing justification, that any art must involve the synthesis of a multitude of factors and symbols
Premises:
The scientific components are the complicated mathematics and the astronomical knowledge needed to create an astrological chart.
The art is in the synthesis of a multitude of factors and symbols into a coherent statement of their relevance to an individual.
Conclusion: Astrology is both an art and a science.
What will weaken it?
(A) presumes, without providing justification, that any science must involve complicated mathematics
He does not say that any science must involve complicated mathematics. He says that complicated mathematics are a scientific component.
(B) incorrectly infers that a practice is a science merely from the fact that the practice has some scientific components
The occultist says that because astrology has some scientific components, it is a science. This is a flaw in his reasoning.
(C) denies the possibility that astrology involves components that are neither artistic nor scientific
He only claims that it involves components of both, not that there are no other components.
(D) incorrectly infers that astronomical knowledge is scientific merely from the fact that such knowledge is needed to create an astrological chart
He doesn't infer that astronomical knowledge is scientific based on the given fact. He says that astronomical knowledge is scientific is a fact.
(E) presumes, without providing justification, that any art must involve the synthesis of a multitude of factors and symbols
He doesn't say that any art must involve the synthesis of a multitude of factors and symbols.
Answer (B)