The United Nations, in response to the ongoing Liberian

A. strict policies, which are specifically applicable to the volatile situation there - Use of THERE is incorrect.

What is the antecedent of THERE - Liberia (Noun).
Is Liberia actually mentioned in the previous clause - The answer is NO because Liberia is used as an Adjective rather than Noun.
Because only Nouns can be antecedents for pronoun, the use of THERE is incorrect.

Hope it help
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I have recently started my gmat preparation. with every discussion on this site, I am discovering a new concept.

great questions. Awesome explanations. Thanks to everyone.

In D measures refers to policies or the imposition?

I believe that it should be a noun+noun modifier
otherwise D looks suspicious.

The correct answer is D.

We need a noun + noun modifier or "that" because we are adding additional information about those policies, i.e. we are adding more detail about the policies rather than making them the subject of a subordinated clause. We could replace "which" with "that" in A to correct it. Also, we cannot use "there" to refer to the Liberian Civil War; we can only use it to reference a location.

Liberia is used as an Adjective rather than as a Noun.

Please note that a pronoun can not refer back to an adjective, hence options with "there" are wrong - Eliminate A and E

KAPLAN Official Explanation

Read the Original Sentence Carefully, Looking for Errors:

In the original sentence, "there" must refer to Liberia, but notice that Liberia itself is not directly mentioned in the sentence, only the Liberian Civil War. The correct answer will remove this unclear reference. Eliminate (A).

Scan and Group the Answer Choices:

There's no clear way to group the remaining choices, so evaluate them one by one.

Eliminate Choices Until Only One Remains:

(B) is wrong because "where" clauses, unless they are used as adverbs, must refer directly to an actual place. In (B), there is no place for the "where" clause to modify. Additionally, the passive construction "can have these measures specifically applied to it" is wordy and cumbersome.

(C) replaces the concise "strict policies" with the unnecessarily wordier "policies that are strict." Furthermore, the pronoun "their" has no clear antecedent.

(D) avoids the vagueness of the other choices by using the possessive of 'Liberia' to state clearly where the volatile situation is occurring. It's likely correct, but check (E) to be sure.

(E) also uses the wordy "policies that are strict," and repeats the unclear use of "there".

(D) is correct.

TAKEAWAY: "There" needs to refer to a specific place mentioned in the sentence.