In option D, the sentence will be "if people don't get adequate amounts of sleep, newly acquired skills and factual knowledge....The meaning gets changed right?
The first thing I notice is the use of noun modifiers at the beginning of both (A) and (B):
Quote:
A. Without adequate amounts of sleep, people's newly acquired skills and also
B. Without the adequate amount of sleep they need, people's newly acquired skills and even
Without adequate amounts of sleep,..." - logically, this modifier should describe
people. But in (A), there are no "people", really: since "people's" is possessive, the opening modifier describes "people's skills." And it wouldn't make sense to talk about the sleep habits of "people's skills." Eliminate (A).
(B) is even worse. We still have the same problem with the opening noun modifier, which technically describes
skills and
information rather than
people. We also have a subject pronoun ("they") trying to refer to a possessive noun ("people's"), and this is not allowed (for more on possessive pronouns, check out
this thread). Finally, the addition of "they need" is redundant, since an "adequate amount" is, by definition, the amount needed. Eliminate (B).
In (C), we once again have a subject pronoun ("they") trying to refer to a possessive noun ("people's"). As written, "they" seems to refer to "skills" and "information", and this is illogical.
(D) and (E) are pretty similar, but we've already established that "adequate" + "they need", as used in choice (E), is redundant. In addition, the word "also" is unnecessary in (E). For example, I would say, "Mike likes to drink beer and wine", not "Mike likes to drink beer and also wine." (D) doesn't have any redundancy issues ("even" is correctly used as an adverb for emphasis), so that's our answer.