At the heart of European Romanticism

At the heart of European Romanticism was the humanist presupposition that language can depict the real world and convey what the author wants to say, and that the author writes to communicate his experiences or thoughts. Thus, the author becomes the creator and, hence, the progenitor of what he writes.

Which of the following statements represents the strongest challenge to the conclusion above?

(A) At the core of any literature is the voice of the writer.

(B) Writing is viewed as a derivative of the spoken.

(3) Most authors seek inspiration from observations of life around them.

(D) Authors inhabit existing structures that help them to generate written text.

(E) If literacy is considered the cornerstone of civilization, then to be literate is to be able to read and write.