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Re: Critical-thinking instruction is predicated on two assumptions: that [#permalink]
GMATNinja wrote:
I always like to start with the most straightforward, mechanical stuff -- and in this case, the word "and" jumps off the page at me. Looks like a nice parallelism issue.

Quote:
Critical-thinking instruction is predicted on two assumptions: that there are clearly identifiable thinking skills that students can be taught to recognize...


So here we have the first assumption, written in a "that + clause" format. Great, so we'll need a similar format -- "that + clause" -- after the "and" to complete the parallel structure.

Quote:
A. if recognized and applied, students
B. if these skills are recognized and applied, that students
C. if students recognize and apply them, that they


Unlike (D) and (E), none of these three options begin with "that + clause", so we can eliminate (A), (B), and (C). Plus, (A) is illogical: it seems to be telling us that the students are recognized and applied.

And for whatever it's worth, I'm not crazy about the pronouns in (C), either: "them" and "they" are right next to each other, but refer to different antecedents. That's not the end of the world, but it's not ideal.

On to (D) and (E):

Quote:
D. that if recognized and applied, students
E. that if students recognize and apply these skills, they


(D) has exactly the same meaning issue as (A): if we think about (D) strictly and literally, it seems to be saying that students are "recognized and applied", and that doesn't make sense.

So I hope you like (E)! The parallelism is solid, and (E) also fixes the pronoun issue that we saw in (C): "them" has been replaced with "these skills", and that makes the sentence a little bit cleaner.


Can we say that option A has a conditional verb issue, which is fixed by option E, rather option E makes the conditional more cleaner. For example, If students recognize and apply (present tense)..., they will (future tense), an acceptable construction.
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Re: Critical-thinking instruction is predicated on two assumptions: that [#permalink]
Hi Experts,

I eliminated option D because recognized and applied are in the past tense and what follows after the comma is in the future tense. So, it is not following the basic structure of the conditional statement. Whereas option E has fixed that error by using the if statement in present tense. Please let me know if this is the right understanding. If not, what is the correct reason?
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Critical-thinking instruction is predicated on two assumptions: that [#permalink]
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Critical-thinking instruction is predicated on two assumptions: that there are clearly identifiable thinking skills that students can be taught to recognize and apply appropriately, and if recognized and applied, students will become more effective thinkers.

(A) if recognized and applied, students - parallelism error. Hence, eliminate (A)

(B) if these skills are recognized and applied, that students - parallelism error. Hence, eliminate (B)

(C) if students recognize and apply them, that they - parallelism error. Hence, eliminate (C)

(D) that if recognized and applied, students - this literally implies that it is the students that is 'recognized' and 'applied'. This implication does not make any sense. Hence, eliminate (D)

(E) that if students recognize and apply these skills, they - (E) conveys the meaning in a concise manner and has no error in it. Hence, (E) is the right answer choice.
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Re: Critical-thinking instruction is predicated on two assumptions: that [#permalink]
Expert Reply
monuagarwal1009 wrote:
Hi Experts,

I eliminated option D because recognized and applied are in the past tense and what follows after the comma is in the future tense. So, it is not following the basic structure of the conditional statement. Whereas option E has fixed that error by using the if statement in present tense. Please let me know if this is the right understanding. If not, what is the correct reason?

The bigger problem with choice (D) is the meaning issue described in this post. Let us know if that doesn't answer your question!
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Re: Critical-thinking instruction is predicated on two assumptions: that [#permalink]
Expert Reply
Genoa2000 wrote:
Bunuel, GMATPrep required here

_______________________
Done. Thank you.
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Re: Critical-thinking instruction is predicated on two assumptions: that [#permalink]
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Critical-thinking instruction is predicated on two assumptions: that there are clearly identifiable thinking skills that students can be taught to recognize and apply appropriately, and if recognized and applied, students will become more effective thinkers.

(A) if recognized and applied, students Two issues. The first assumption begins with "that" (clearly it is not a common word applicable to both assumptions, in which case it would have appeared before the colon). In order to be parallel, the second assumption too must begin with "that". Secondly, "if recognized and applied" seems to apply to "students", which is illogical. Eliminate.

(B) if these skills are recognized and applied, that students Same parallelism issue as in (A). Eliminate.

(C) if students recognize and apply them, that they Same parallelism issue as in (A) and (B). Eliminate.

(D) that if recognized and applied, students As in (A), "if recognized and applied" seems to apply to "students", which is illogical. Eliminate.

(E) that if students recognize and apply these skills, they Correct answer.

Hope this helps.
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Re: Critical-thinking instruction is predicated on two assumptions: that [#permalink]
GMATNinja wrote:
I always like to start with the most straightforward, mechanical stuff -- and in this case, the word "and" jumps off the page at me. Looks like a nice parallelism issue.

Quote:
Critical-thinking instruction is predicted on two assumptions: that there are clearly identifiable thinking skills that students can be taught to recognize...


So here we have the first assumption, written in a "that + clause" format. Great, so we'll need a similar format -- "that + clause" -- after the "and" to complete the parallel structure.

Quote:
A. if recognized and applied, students
B. if these skills are recognized and applied, that students
C. if students recognize and apply them, that they


Unlike (D) and (E), none of these three options begin with "that + clause", so we can eliminate (A), (B), and (C). Plus, (A) is illogical: it seems to be telling us that the students are recognized and applied.

And for whatever it's worth, I'm not crazy about the pronouns in (C), either: "them" and "they" are right next to each other, but refer to different antecedents. That's not the end of the world, but it's not ideal.

On to (D) and (E):

Quote:
D. that if recognized and applied, students
E. that if students recognize and apply these skills, they


(D) has exactly the same meaning issue as (A): if we think about (D) strictly and literally, it seems to be saying that students are "recognized and applied", and that doesn't make sense.

So I hope you like (E)! The parallelism is solid, and (E) also fixes the pronoun issue that we saw in (C): "them" has been replaced with "these skills", and that makes the sentence a little bit cleaner.


GMATNinja
Hey, can we also use conditionals to eliminate A and D options
If <simple past>, then <simple past/would verb>
Here
If recognized and applied then students will
If <simple past> then <will> .. so its wrong?

Kindly explain
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Re: Critical-thinking instruction is predicated on two assumptions: that [#permalink]
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desertEagle wrote:
GMATNinja

Hey, can we also use conditionals to eliminate A and D options

If <simple past>, then <simple past/would verb>

Here

If recognized and applied then students will

If <simple past> then <will> .. so its wrong?

Kindly explain

One message we repeat over and over again: there are painfully few absolute rules that ALWAYS apply on GMAT SC. Other than subject-verb agreement, it's hard to think of many.

Are the conditional rules you mentioned universal and immutable? Does the GMAT adhere to those rules? Maybe. But this is a verbal reasoning test, not a grammar test, so trying to memorize and apply an ever-growing list of fancy grammar rules is likely to be counterproductive.

(A) and (D) have meaning issues (as described in our original explanation), and that's a much more important factor than adhering to "rules" governing conditionals. The latter certainly helps us build a case against (A) and (D), but using those "rules" to quickly eliminate (A) and (D) is a bad idea. More broadly, that sort of "quick & easy" approach will lead to bad habits and certainly won't help you improve your SC skills as much as you might like. :)

I know: probably not the most satisfying answer. But I hope it helps a bit!
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