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Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural [#permalink]
Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural harbor for Erie, Pennsylvania, has five and a half miles of sandy beaches and so diverse are its forests and wetlands so that some botanists say it is one of the rarest and finest ecological preserves in the world.

A. so diverse are its forests and wetlands so
B. so diverse as its forests and wetlands are
C. with so diverse forests and wetlands
D. such a diversity of forests and wetlands
E. of such diversity its forests and wetlands



In A,B and E ,we don't know what "its" referring back to . So ,these options are eliminated
In C,"so" should be used with Adverb or Adjective without Noun.so, C is eliminated
Answer is D
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Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural [#permalink]
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Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural harbor for Erie, Pennsylvania, has five and a half miles of sandy beaches and so diverse are its forests and wetlands so that some botanists say it is one of the rarest and finest ecological preserves in the world.

A. so diverse are its forests and wetlands so
- the right so-that structure that involves an adjective is as follows: so [adjective] that. But in (A), we have so [adjective] so that..
B. so diverse as its forests and wetlands are
- ''so...are that...'' does not make sense. Besides, this structure is incorrect.

C. with so diverse forests and wetlands
- has a parallelism error: If you isolate the parallel structures introduced by (C), you get ''Presque Isle State Park....has five and a half miles of sandy beaches" and "Presque Isle State Park....with so diverse forests and wetlands that..''. The first parallel clause begins with a verb, whereas the second parallel clause begins with the preposition ''with''.
D. such a diversity of forests and wetlands - has no error. Hence, (D) is the right answer choice.
E. of such diversity its forests and wetlands - has a parallelism error: If you isolate the parallel structures introduced by (E), you get ''Presque Isle State Park....has five and a half miles of sandy beaches" and "Presque Isle State Park....of such diversity....that..''. The first parallel clause begins with a verb, whereas the second parallel clause begins with the preposition ''of''.
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Re: Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural [#permalink]
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AbhishekDhanraJ72 wrote:
why c is wrong??

"And" is used to connect two similar things.

In the version created via the use of (C), "and" is followed by "with so diverse forests and wetlands." Notice that nothing that would be paired with "with so diverse forests and wetlands" precedes "and."

Rather, what precedes "and" is "Presque Isle State Park ... has five and a half miles of sandy beaches."

So, "and" connects two things that are not similar: five and a half miles of sandy beaches and with so diverse forests and wetlands

Contrast (C) with (D)

Presque Isle State Park ... has five and a half miles of sandy beaches and such a diversity of forests and wetlands ....

In (D) "and" connects two basically similar things: five and a half miles of sandy beaches and such a diversity of forests and wetlands
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Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural [#permalink]
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Here's the official explanation provided by the GMAC for this question:

The given sentence attributes two features to Presque Isle State Park: extensive sandy beaches and a great diversity of forests and wetlands treasured by botanists. Those two features could be correctly described with two noun phrases in parallel, conjoined by and (however, this is not the only way in which the sentence could be correctly configured; for example, we could have two independent clauses separated by a semicolon, without an intervening and). Instead, the sentence has the noun phrase five … beaches incorrectly conjoined using and with a nonparallel element, i.e., an ungrammatically structured statement with flawed diction.

Option A: This answer choice fails as explained above. A noun phrase is conjoined illogically with a statement. The words so diverse … wetlands form an independent clause, followed by a dependent clause introduced by so that …, which can express either purpose or consequence and is inappropriate in this context.

Option B: This is not an independent clause, but neither is it a noun phrase. So it is incorrect to conjoin it with the noun phrase preceding and. The resulting sentence is ungrammatical and incoherent.

Option C: This adverbial phrase does not parallel the noun phrase five … beaches, which is an object of the verb has. An adverbial phrase cannot be the object of the verb has, and it is grammatically incorrect to conjoin it with the noun phrase using and. Furthermore, the noun phrase so diverse forests and wetlands is unidiomatic; the correct phrase would be such diverse forests and wetlands.

Option D: Correct. This noun phrase is an object of the verb has, and is parallel to the noun phrase five … beaches that is also an object of the verb has; so the two noun phrases can be correctly conjoined using andthe phrase such … that is correctly used to conjoin two assertions: (1) Presque Isle State Park … has … a diversity of forests and wetlands; and (2) some botanists say … world. Assertion (1) provides a reason for asertion (2).

Option E: This is not a noun phrase and cannot be correctly conjoined, using and, with the noun phrase five … beaches.

The correct answer is D.

Please note that I'm not the author of this explanation. I'm just posting it here since I believe it can help the community.
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Re: Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural [#permalink]
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Bunuel wrote:
Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural harbor for Erie, Pennsylvania, has five and a half miles of sandy beaches and so diverse are its forests and wetlands so that some botanists say it is one of the rarest and finest ecological preserves in the world.

A. so diverse are its forests and wetlands so
B. so diverse as its forests and wetlands are
C. with so diverse forests and wetlands
D. such a diversity of forests and wetlands
E. of such diversity its forests and wetlands


This question is based on Parallelism, Idiomatic Usage, and Structure.

The underlined portion is the second item in a list of things that Presque Isle State Park has. One is five and a half miles of sandy beaches. The other item must also be a noun phrase to maintain the parallel structure.

In Option A, there is a redundant conjunction ‘so’. The conjunction ‘so’ has already been used at the beginning of the option. This option also lacks parallelism. The construction of the phrase ‘so---that’ is ‘so + adjective + verb + that’. However, to maintain parallelism, we need only a noun phrase. So, Option A can be eliminated.

The conjunction ‘as’ is generally paired with ‘as’ itself to imply a comparison. The phrase ‘so-as’ is used to convey a manner. Since this is not the intended meaning of the sentence and because of the lack of parallelism, Option B can be eliminated.

The presence of the preposition ‘with’ changes the structure of the underlined portion into a prepositional phrase, which is not parallel to a noun phrase. So, Option C can be eliminated.

The construction of Option E affects parallelism. The preposition at the beginning of the option makes it a prepositional phrase that is not parallel to a noun phrase. So, Option E can be eliminated.

“A diversity” is a noun. Option D therefore consists of a noun phrase that is parallel to the other noun phrase. The phrase ‘such-that’ is also idiomatically appropriate because it helps to convey emphasis. Therefore, D is the most appropriate option.

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Re: Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural [#permalink]
GMATNinja - Can you please explain each answer choice? Also, is use of so that is answer choice B incorrect?
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Re: Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural [#permalink]
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nikitathegreat wrote:
GMATNinja - Can you please explain each answer choice? Also, is use of so that is answer choice B incorrect?


Hello nikitathegreat,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, no; the use of "so...that" is not incorrect in Option B; it follows the correct, idiomatic construction of "so + cause + that + effect"; rather, the issue is that B's construction is such that it produces a completely incoherent meaning.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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Re: Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural [#permalink]
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nikitathegreat wrote:
GMATNinja - Can you please explain each answer choice? Also, is use of so that is answer choice B incorrect?



Hello nikitathegreat,

Here is the audio-visual solution to this question. https://www.loom.com/share/2d2dd6f9b5d449b1b4cefd52a185cac2

Do share your feedback on the same and let me know if you have any more questions on this official sentence.


Thanks. :)
Happy Learning.
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Re: Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural [#permalink]
MartyTargetTestPrep AndrewN egmat
a) two independent clauses are connected with and without comma. Also So diverse so that is wrong
b) two independent clauses are connected with and without comma. Also 'as' shouldn't be here

My question is can we say that besides these two errors there is lack of parallelism in choices a) and b)?
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Re: Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural [#permalink]
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NakulDiwakar10 wrote:
MartyTargetTestPrep AndrewN egmat
a) two independent clauses are connected with and without comma. Also So diverse so that is wrong
b) two independent clauses are connected with and without comma. Also 'as' shouldn't be here

My question is can we say that besides these two errors there is lack of parallelism in choices a) and b)?

Hello, NakulDiwakar10. If you have spotted definite errors in certain answer choices, then you have done your job. There is no rule that a well-constructed compound sentence in written English must present parallel halves. I would be wary of looking to create rules. If you mean to ask whether using and without a comma calls for parallelism (of some sort), I think Marty has touched on the point above.

Good luck with your studies.

- Andrew
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Re: Presque Isle State Park, a 31,000-acre peninsula that forms a natural [#permalink]
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