AndreaBer wrote:
2015 can be written as the difference of the squares of two positive integers in how many ways?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
Solution:
We want to express 2015 as x^2 - y^2 where x and y are positive integers with x > y. In other words, we want to solve the equation x^2 - y^2 = 2015 where x and y are positive integers. Notice that x^2 - y^2 can be factored as (x - y)(x + y). Therefore, we need to express 2015 as a product of two positive integers:
2015 = 1 * 2015 = 5 * 403 = 13 * 155 = 31 * 65
If we take the first product, we can create the equation:
(x - y)(x + y) = 1 * 2015
Since x - y > x + y, then x - y = 1 and x + y = 2015. If we add x - y = 1 and x + y = 2015, we have:
2x = 2016
x = 1008
Since x - y = 1, then y = 1007. Therefore, a pair of positive integers that satisfy the equation x^2 - y^2 = 2015 is (x, y) = (1008, 1007). Recall that 2015 can be written as a product of two positive integers in 3 more ways. So, if we create the following equations:
(x - y)(x + y) = 5 * 403, (x - y)(x + y) = 13 * 155, and (x - y)(x + y) = 31 * 65
Solving these equations as we did for (x - y)(x + y) = 1 * 2015, we will find 3 more distinct pairs of positive integers that satisfy the equation x^2 - y^2 = 2015. Therefore, there are 4 solutions to the equation x^2 - y^2 = 2015 with x and y being positive integers.
Answer: D
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