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Re: The pineal gland produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep.
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22 Aug 2021, 00:39
The passage is concerned with the Sleep Regulation and the factors affecting it.
PREMISES
1. How melatonin is responsible for sleep - its peak and trough.
The pineal gland produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep. Reduced levels of light—most critically, reduced levels of blue light—signal the pineal gland to begin producing melatonin. In the past, the production of melatonin would start at dusk, peak in the middle of the night, and then taper off near dawn.
2. Factors affecting the peak and trough of melatonin, and moreover the factors enhancing these "factors".
Today, the nighttime use of cell phones, tablets, and computers whose screens emit blue light, has changed the timing of melatonin production, and sleep patterns have been adversely affected. Furthermore, smaller screens viewed at closer range intensify the adverse effects.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion, "Thus, the study showed that as the 1 increased, the 2 increased" is based on the study, "study of the nighttime use of screen-based devices by 10,000 teenagers, researchers concluded that the longer the teens viewed their screens before going to bed, the longer they took to fall asleep after going to bed."
We can infer that exposure to light affects the cycle of melatonin production. We have an inverse relationship between these two.
Select for 1 and for 2 the phrases that create the statement that most logically completes the passage. Make only two selections, one in each column.
1. is the cause
2. is the effect
size of the screens the teens viewed - It is a weak choice for a cause as time has more influence on the mentioned effect. We can definitely argue about one over other. But the effect of only small size screen is mentioned (which is also in coordination with the range).
length of time the teens spent viewing their screens before going to bed - It is the appropriate cause for the mentioned effect.
use of apps to control the amount of blue light emitted by their screens - This choice is completely out of scope.
delay in melatonin production after the teens went to bed - It is the effect, it justifies the inverse dependability on the identified cause.
distance from which the teens viewed their screens - Again a weak choice for cause. Explanation is on the similar lines as that of first choice.
1: length of time the teens spent viewing their screens before going to bed
2: delay in melatonin production after the teens went to bed