Scientist: A greenhouse gas, for example, carbon dioxide, forms a tran

In my opinion, D does not clearly account for the possibility of an incorrect input. I think you’re absolutely right to call that out.
But the question’s exact wording doesn’t require the correct answer choice to be a full and complete inference:
“most logically completes“
D is imperfect, but it’s significantly better than the other four options.

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My only question to D is, why the heck would someone start writing about greenhouse gases just to arrive at the conclusion that some more or less irrelevant (yes, this model is not the theme of the text) model is incorrect?

For D to be a good followup here, the main interest of the article should be the model, which should be mentioned earlier on.

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The information in the first two sentences is background information that helps the reader to understand what the model does. Without it, the passage would say something about a model, but there would be no context.

Once that background is presented, then the information and conclusion about the model are presented.

The passage could start off saying something about the model, but it doesn't have to in order for (D) to follow logically from what the passage says.

A - better measurements may or may not be needed but we're concerned about the heat and not the gas itself.

b - probably but this is out of scope as of now.

c - no other factos is spoken about in the passage

d - Correct.

E - we are not comparing the general effect vs the actual effect. so if it's less damaging or more is out of scope.

Tricky Question and option C is too tempting. I loved it. Finally i drawn a conclusion that we need to draw a conclusion of this argument as it ends with "THERFORE" so whatever is written in otion c that there are other factors etc..is not the conclusion of the argument . With option C we can not draw any conclusion for the great deal difference between Prediction and actual Qty. Because in Stem nowhere its mentioned that model is doubtful etc. so we will consider that model has considered all factors and actual warming/Temp is anyways a collective final temp due to warming caused by all factors. Just think about this. The actual climate temp has to include all factors. so option C statement is true for both model and actual temp but doesnot provide conclusion hence its wrong answer choice.

How are you eliminating C? There might be some other factors (other gaseous emissions) which have higher positive correlation with increase in temperature and the model has not taken that into consideration.