1. Which one of the following most completely and accurately states the main point of the passage?(A) Following the elimination of the apartheid system in South Africa, lawyers, judges, and citizens will need to abandon their posture of opposition to law and design a new and fairer legal system.
(B) If the new legal system in South Africa is to succeed, lawyers, judges, and citizens must learn to challenge parliamentary decisions based on their individual rights as set out in the new constitution.
(C) Whereas in the past the parliament was both the initiator and arbiter of laws in South Africa, under the new constitution these powers will be assumed by a constitutional court.
(D) Despite the lack of relevant legal precedents and the public’s antagonistic relation to the law, South Africa is moving from a legal system where the parliament is the final authority to one where the rights of citizens are protected by a constitution.
(E) While South Africa’s judges will have to look initially to other countries to provide interpretations for its new bill of rights, eventually it must develop a body of precedent sensitive to the needs of its own citizens.
2. Which one of the following most accurately describes the author’s primary purpose in lines 10–19?(A) to describe the role of the parliament under South Africa’s new constitution
(B) to argue for returning final legal authority to the parliament
(C) to contrast the character of legal practice under the apartheid system with that to be implemented under the new constitution
(D) to criticize the creation of a court with final authority on constitutional matters
(E) to explain why a bill of rights was included in the new constitution
3. The passage suggests that the author’s attitude toward the possibility of success for a rights-based legal system in South Africa is most likely one of(A) deep skepticism
(B) open pessimism
(C) total indifference
(D) guarded optimism
(E) complete confidence
4. According to the passage, under the apartheid system the rulings of judges were sometimes counteracted by(A) decisions rendered in constitutional court
(B) challenges from concerned citizens
(C) new laws passed in the parliament
(D) provisions in the constitution’s bill of rights
(E) other judges with a more rule-bound approach to the law
5. Which one of the following most accurately describes the organization of the last paragraph of the passage?(A) A solution to a problem is identified, several methods of implementing the solution are discussed, and one of the methods is argued for.
(B) The background to a problem is presented, past methods of solving the problem are criticized, and a new solution is proposed.
(C) An analysis of a problem is presented, possible solutions to the problem are given, and one of the possible solutions is argued for.
(D) Reasons are given why a problem has existed, the current state of affairs is described, and the problem is shown to exist no longer.
(E) A problem is identified, specific manifestations of the problem are given, and an essential element in its solution is presented.
6. Based on the passage, the scholars mentioned in the second paragraph would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements?(A) Reliance of judges on the interpretations given bills of rights in other countries must be tempered by the recognition that such interpretations may be based on circumstances not necessarily applicable to South Africa.
(B) Basing interpretations of the South African bill of rights on interpretations given bills of rights in other countries will reinforce the climate of mistrust for authority in South Africa.
(C) The lack of precedents in South African law for interpreting a bill of rights will likely make it impossible to interpret correctly the bill of rights in the South African constitution.
(D) Reliance by judges on the interpretations given bills of rights in other countries offers an unacceptable means of attempting to interpret the South African constitution in a way that will meet the particular needs of South African citizens.
(E) Because bills of rights in other countries are written in much less general terms than the South African bill of rights, interpretations of them are unlikely to prove helpful in interpreting the South African bill of rights.