All oceangoing ships carry seawater ballast tanks whose weight improves stability. To maintain the ship's proper stability, water must be pumped out of these tanks when cargo is loaded and into them when cargo is unloaded. As a result, sea creatures often get into the tanks and are then inadvertently deposited into new habitats, where they can wreak ecological havoc. One viable way of addressing this problem would be to empty and then immediately refill the tanks in midocean, since midocean creatures and coastal sea creatures usually cannot survive in one another's habitats.
Which one of the following is an assumption the argument requires?
A. Emptying and refilling an oceangoing ship's ballast tanks in midocean would ensure at least that no sea creatures capable of disturbing the ecology in a new habitat are pumped into the tanks.
B. An oceangoing ship's ballast tanks could be emptied and refilled in midocean only in conditions of calm air and flat seas.
C. Sea creatures have rarely if ever, wreaked ecological havoc in a new habitat, unless they have been able to survive in that habitat after having been deposited there by oceangoing ships.
D. Currently, seawater is pumped into or out of the ballast tanks of oceangoing ships to maintain proper stability only when unloading or loading cargo.
E. There are at least some oceangoing ships whose stability could be adequately maintained while emptying and refilling their ballast tanks in midocean.
I was between A and E, picked A unfortunately for the reason that i did negation wrongly.
E is clearly the right answer as if negated it breaks passage apart - that NONE of the oceangoing ships could .... midocean.
A on the other hand if negated(wrongly as i did) looks like this:
1. Emptying and refilling an oceangoing ship's ballast tanks in midocean would NOT ensure that no sea creatures capable of disturbing the ecology in a new habitat are pumped into the tanks. -
This is wrong way of negating2. Emptying and refilling an oceangoing ship's ballast tanks in midocean would ensure at least that some sea creatures capable of disturbing the ecology in a new habitat are pumped into the tanks. -
I believe this is the right way to negate.Which one would you pick and why??
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