1. Both passages are concerned with answering which one of the following questions?(A) What are the most serious flaws found in recent historical scholarship?
(B) What must historians do in order to avoid bias in their scholarship?
(C) How did the ideal of objectivity first develop?
(D) Is the scholarship produced by relativist historians sound?
(E) Why do the prevailing interpretations of past events change from one era to the next?
2. Both passages identify which one of the following as a requirement for historical research?(A) the historian’s willingness to borrow methods of analysis from other disciplines when evaluating evidence
(B) the historian’s willingness to employ methodologies favored by proponents of competing views when evaluating evidence
(C) the historian’s willingness to relinquish favored interpretations in light of the discovery of facts inconsistent with them
(D) the historian’s willingness to answer in detail all possible objections that might be made against his or her interpretation
(E) the historian’s willingness to accord respectful consideration to rival interpretations
3. The author of passage B and the kind of objective historian described in passage A would be most likely to disagree over whether(A) detachment aids the historian in achieving an objective view of past events
(B) an objective historical account can include a strong political commitment
(C) historians today are less objective than they were previously
(D) propaganda is an essential tool of historical scholarship
(E) historians of different eras have arrived at differing interpretations of the same historical events
4. Which one of the following most accurately describes an attitude toward objectivity present in each passage?(A) Objectivity is a goal that few historians can claim to achieve.
(B) Objectivity is essential to the practice of historical scholarship.
(C) Objectivity cannot be achieved unless historians set aside political allegiances.
(D) Historians are not good judges of their own objectivity.
(E) Historians who value objectivity are becoming less common.
5. Both passages mention propaganda primarily in order to (A) refute a claim made by proponents of a rival approach to historical scholarship
(B) suggest that scholars in fields other than history tend to be more biased than historians
(C) point to a type of scholarship that has recently been discredited
(D) identify one extreme to which historians may tend
(E) draw contrasts with other kinds of persuasive writing
6. The argument described in passage A and the argument made by the author of passage B are both advanced by(A) citing historical scholarship that fails to achieve objectivity
(B) showing how certain recent developments in historical scholarship have undermined the credibility of the profession
(C) summarizing opposing arguments in order to point out their flaws
(D) suggesting that historians should adopt standards used by professionals in certain other fields
(E) identifying what are seen as obstacles to achieving objectivity