Although vitamin D is commonly referred to as a vitamin, an organic

Vitamin D, synthesized in adequate amounts by all mammals when exposed to sunlight, is commonly referred to as a vitamin but it does not fit the actual into the actual definition of Vitamins. Because vitamins are organic chemical compound which cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism and must be obtained from the diet.
Vitamin D was discovered in an effort to find the dietary substance that was lacking in a disease called rickets, the childhood form of osteomalacia. Vitamins such as vitamin D are added to or fortified in certain food such as orange juice and milk.

Non-mammals are unable to synthesize vitamin D from exposure to sunlight. Neither True nor False as it is nowhere mentioned in passage.
People with inadaquate exposure to sunlight are at a high risk of developing diseases related to Vitamin D deficiency such as rickets and osteomalacia. Through PoE it seems a false statement
Vitamin D obtained from sunlight is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from fortified foods. Nowhere such comparison is made therefore we cannot certainly call it a false or a true statement
Vitamin D obtained from fortified foods is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from sunlight. Nowhere such comparison is made therefore we cannot certainly call it a false or a true statement
Vitamin D as a compound does not entirely fit the typical definition of a vitamin. Definitely True as it is explicitly mentioned in passage.

True: People with inadaquate exposure to sunlight are at a high risk of developing diseases related to Vitamin D deficiency such as rickets and osteomalacia.

False: Non-mammals are unable to synthesize vitamin D from exposure to sunlight.

- had trouble figuring out the False part

True-statement 2
False- statement 5

Solution:

1.Non mammals are unable to synthesize vitamin D from exposure to sunlight : not specified in the given information


2.People with inadaquate exposure to sunlight are at a high risk of developing diseases related to Vitamin D deficiency such as rickets and osteomalacia : true


3.Vitamin D obtained from sunlight is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from fortified foods:not specified in the given information

4.Vitamin D obtained from fortified foods is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from sunlight :not specified in the given information

5.Vitamin D as a compound does not entirely fit the typical definition of a vitamin :False

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A. Non-mammals are unable to synthesize vitamin D from exposure to sunlight.

....Vitamin D. an organic compound required as a vital nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism, it can be synthesized in adequate amounts by all mammals while exposed to sunlight...

Since, Vitamin D is a vital nutrient, it is deemed to be present in all organisms. Hence, mammals as well as non-mammals are both likely to be capable of synthesizing it in some amount from exposure to sunlight.

Hence, FALSE

B. People with inadaquate exposure to sunlight are at a high risk of developing diseases related to Vitamin D deficiency such as rickets and osteomalacia.

Rickets and osteomalacia are caused due to Vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D must be obtained from the diet (given in the stimulus). If the diet provides Vitamin D, then the prompt is FALSE. If diet doesn't provide Vitamin D, then the prompt is TRUE. thefore, CANNOT BE DETERMINED.

C. Vitamin D obtained from sunlight is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from fortified foods.

No information in the passage, therefore, CANNOT BE DETERMINED.

D. Vitamin D obtained from fortified foods is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from sunlight.

No information in the passage, therefore, CANNOT BE DETERMINED.

E. Vitamin D as a compound does not entirely fit the typical definition of a vitamin.

As per the passage ---> ''Typically, an organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet". However, it can also be synthesized in adequate amounts by all mammals while exposed to sunlight, thus it's not necessary that it be obtained from the diet.

Thus, it implies that 'Vitamin D as a compound does not entirely fit the typical definition of a vitamin'.


Hence, TRUE



Thus, we get
(A) is FALSE
(E) is TRUE

-FALSE-Non-mammals are unable to synthesize vitamin D from exposure to sunlight ;
There is no mention of non-mammals in the passage

-TRUE-People with inadaquate exposure to sunlight are at a high risk of developing diseases related to Vitamin D deficiency such as rickets and osteomalacia.
yes , as exposure to sunlight helps mammals synthesize nutrient

-FALSE-Vitamin D obtained from sunlight is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from fortified foods.
no differentiation done on this in the passage
-FALSE-Vitamin D obtained from fortified foods is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from sunlight.
no differentiation done on this in the passage

-TRUE- Vitamin D as a compound does not entirely fit the typical definition of a vitamin.
as per passage organic chemical compound is called a vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet
Vit d is such which can be obtained by both diet and via exposure to sunlight

1) Non-mammals are unable to synthesize vitamin D from exposure to sunlight.
The passage suggest nothing about non-mammals. This statement may be true or false. Hence, out.

2) People with inadequate (spelling mistake in original ques) exposure to sunlight are at a high risk of developing diseases related to Vitamin D deficiency such as rickets and osteomalacia.
False- The passage concludes by stating that vitamin D is fortified in certain foods. This indicates that eating such fortified food can help avoid vitamin D deficiency. So, even if people have inadequate exposure to sunlight, there is no high risk of its deficiency. Mark false.

3) Vitamin D obtained from sunlight is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from fortified foods.
4) Vitamin D obtained from fortified foods is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from sunlight.
Statements 3 and 4 are related and exactly opposite to each other. The passage states nothing about which quality is higher. We cannot determine whether these statements are true or false perusing the passage. Hence, out.

5) Vitamin D as a compound does not entirely fit the typical definition of a vitamin.
True- Passage suggests that synthesis of vitamin D in adequate amounts by mammals is an exception to the typical definition of vitamin, which cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by organisms. Mark true.

The argument basically begins by mentioning that even though Vitamin D is referred to as a vitamin, it does not completely fall into the category of a vitamin because a compound is called a vitamin if it cannot be synthesized in sufficient amount by organisms and must be taken in via diet, and Vitamin D is actually opposite to that since it can be synthesized in adequate amount by organisms via sunlight
The argument highlights how Vitamin D was discovered while trying to find the missing food item in the rickets disease and how it is added to certain food items in developed countries

Now, it is clearly mentioned in the beginning of the argument that Vitamin D is referred to as a Vitamin even though it does not fall into the category of a Vitamin completely (self-synthetization v/s diet intake)

So, E: Vitamin D as a compound does not entirely fit the typical definition of a vitamin TRUE

Now, since this was quite explicit based on the argument, let us examine the remaining 4 choices to determine the FALSE

Non-mammals are unable to synthesize vitamin D from exposure to sunlight.

Although the argument does state that mammals can synthesize, nothing has been mentioned about non-mammals and we cannot assume anything against non-mammals just because it is for (in favor) of mammals. ELIMINATE

People with inadaquate exposure to sunlight are at a high risk of developing diseases related to Vitamin D deficiency such as rickets and osteomalacia.

FALSE. People with less Vitamin D are at risk of the disease, not inadequate sunlight. Vitamin D can be made up with food sources as well. Answer

Vitamin D obtained from sunlight is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from fortified foods.

No mention of any comparison between the 2 sources for their quality of Vitamin D provided. ELIMINATE

Vitamin D obtained from fortified foods is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from sunlight.

No mention of any comparison between the 2 sources for their quality of Vitamin D provided. ELIMINATE

TRUE (E): Vitamin D as a compound does not entirely fit the typical definition of a vitamin.
FALSE (B): People with inadaquate exposure to sunlight are at a high risk of developing diseases related to Vitamin D deficiency such as rickets and osteomalacia.

This is an inference question that asks us to find the statement that we can definitely infer (true) and the statement that we cannot definitely infer (false).

Statement 1 : Non-mammals are unable to synthesize vitamin D from exposure to sunlight.
Neither True nor False.
Explanation : The passage talks about mammals and how they can synthesize vitamins in adequate amounts while exposed to sunlight. Nowhere, does the passage mention that non mammals can't do so. Maybe some can. In fact the passage doesn't talk about non mammals.

Statement 2: People with inadequate exposure to sunlight are at a high risk of developing diseases related to Vitamin D deficiency such as rickets and osteomalacia.
FALSE.
Explanation: The last statement "In the developed world, vitamins such as vitamin D are added to, or fortified, in certain foods such as milk and orange juice" refutes the claim in statement 2 by saying that in the developed world, Vitamin D can be obtained through diets and hence inadequate exposure to sunlight doesn't imply high risk of developing diseases related to Vitamin D.
This makes statement 2 false.

Statement 3: Vitamin D obtained from sunlight is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from fortified foods.
Neither True nor False.
Explanation : The passage doesn't imply anything about the quality of vitamins obtained from different sources or compares the quality of vitamins.

Statement 4: Vitamin D obtained from fortified foods is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from sunlight.
Neither True nor False.
Explanation : The passage doesn't imply anything about the quality of vitamins obtained from different sources or compares the quality of vitamins.

Statement 5 : Vitamin D as a compound does not entirely fit the typical definition of a vitamin.
TRUE.
Explanation: This can be inferred from the passage. The trigger words "although" and "typically" points us towards this inference.
The passage says that "Typically, an organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet" but the preceding line says that "Although vitamin D is commonly referred to as a vitamin, an organic compound required as a vital nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism, it can be synthesized in adequate amounts by all mammals while exposed to sunlight." Also, the last statement says that "In the developed world, vitamins such as vitamin D are added to, or fortified, in certain foods such as milk and orange juice."

The above statements imply that Vitamin D is rather an overlap of both characteristics :
Doesn't portray a fitting definition of a vitamin as it can be synthesized (based on first two statements)
and
also fits the definition of a vitamin as it can be obtained from diet (based on last statement).

This makes Statement 5 true.

Hello Everyone!

This is a hard question, the OA is:

True: Vitamin D as a compound does not entirely fit the typical definition of a vitamin.
False: People with inadaquate exposure to sunlight are at a high risk of developing diseases related to Vitamin D deficiency such as rickets and osteomalacia.

wadhwakaran Kushchokhani av1901 UtkarshAnand you guys did a good job.

Keep in mind that if any part of an IR question is wrong the whole question will be considered wrong.

PS: After updating the links of today's questions I will post the Official Explanations of Day 1 questions.

Good Luck!

This questions is similar to CR questions

a. Non-mammals are unable to synthesize vitamin D from exposure to sunlight. - Cannot be proved or disproved. In the passage Author mentions that all mammals can synthesize Vitamin D, but there is no mention of non-mammals. Since there is no information about non-mammals, we cannot conclude anything about non-mammals.

b. People with inadaquate exposure to sunlight are at a high risk of developing diseases related to Vitamin D deficiency such as rickets and osteomalacia.- False. In the last line author states that "In the developed world, vitamins such as vitamin D are added to, or fortified, in certain foods such as milk and orange juice". Hence sunlight isn't the only way to get vitamin D and hence this statement is false.

c. Vitamin D obtained from sunlight is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from fortified foods. - Cannot be proved or disproved.Author does not compare the quality of vitamin D obtained from different sources. Hence we cannot conclude anything on this option.

d. Vitamin D obtained from fortified foods is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from sunlight. Cannot be proved or disproved.Author does not compare the quality of vitamin D obtained from different sources. Hence we cannot conclude anything on this option.

e. Vitamin D as a compound does not entirely fit the typical definition of a vitamin. - True. The author states that "Typically, an organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet" and he also mentions that "Although vitamin D is commonly referred to as a vitamin, an organic compound required as a vital nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism, it can be synthesized in adequate amounts by all mammals while exposed to sunlight". Hence this statement is correct

Option Evaluation - this is more of an inference question. 

A. Non-mammals are unable to synthesize vitamin D from exposure to sunlight. - Out of scope. 

B. People with inadaquate exposure to sunlight are at a high risk of developing diseases related to Vitamin D deficiency such as rickets and osteomalacia. - The passage says, "In the developed world, vitamins such as vitamin D are added to, or fortified, in certain foods such as milk and orange juice." So, there is a possibility for people to get the Vitamin D still even if they can have inadequate exposure. So this is False.

C. Vitamin D obtained from sunlight is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from fortified foods. - Might be true category. We don't know, as we can't say with 100% accuracy. 

D. Vitamin D obtained from fortified foods is of a higher quality than vitamin D obtained from sunlight. - Might be true category. We don't know, as we can't say with 100% accuracy. 

E. Vitamin D as a compound does not entirely fit the typical definition of a vitamin. - True.