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Re: Professor Branch, who is chair of the sociology department, claims she [#permalink]
I think that Option D seems to narrow the scope since it focuses only on the sociologists. Option A on the other hand captures the general tone of the flaw of the argument.
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Re: Professor Branch, who is chair of the sociology department, claims she [#permalink]
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EBITDA wrote:
Professor Branch, who is chair of the sociology department, claims she saw a flying saucer the other night. But since she is a sociologist rather than a physicist, she cannot possibly be acquainted with the most recent writings of our finest scientists that tend to discount such sightings, so we can conclude that her report is unreliable.

Which of the following would be the most appropriate criticism of the author's analysis?

A) The author makes an irrelevant attack on Professor Branch's credentials.
B) The author may not be a physicist, and may therefore not be acquainted with the writings cited.
C) Even the US Air Force cannot explain all of the sightings of UFOs which are reported to it each year.
D) A sociologist is sufficiently well educated to read and understand scientific literature in a field other than her own.
E) It is impossible to get complete agreement on matters such as the possibility of life on other planets.

Could you please discuss in detail why should I choose or discard options A and D?


Ahaha! after a long time I see a pure fallacy based question. Feeling very happy since it gives me a chance to brush off my philosophy knowledge !! :)

The right answer is A
The fallacy in question is A fallacy of relevance more properly known into philosophical world as "Ad-hominem abusive" {Latin for attack the person}
This fallacy is categorised by the fact the attacker does not address the argument at all but rather attacks the characters, knowledge, credential of the other person. There is no sense in this fallacy. The attacker generally says things to make the other person look either stupid, or characterless or dumb or not enough qualified.


This is what is happening in this argument. Rather than addressing the issue at hand of UFO's, author is maligning Prof. Branch as just a sociologist who are not as good or intelligent as physicist. He further degrades her by saying she cannot possibly know about recent physics journals which confirms UFO doesnt exist. In short he is just making the Professor look like some dumb hippy who is ignorant of science .

A) The author makes an irrelevant attack on Professor Branch's credentials.


THUS A IS THE CORRECT ANSWER
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Re: Professor Branch, who is chair of the sociology department, claims she [#permalink]
EBITDA wrote:
Professor Branch, who is chair of the sociology department, claims she saw a flying saucer the other night. But since she is a sociologist rather than a physicist, she cannot possibly be acquainted with the most recent writings of our finest scientists that tend to discount such sightings, so we can conclude that her report is unreliable.

Which of the following would be the most appropriate criticism of the author's analysis?

A) The author makes an irrelevant attack on Professor Branch's credentials.
B) The author may not be a physicist, and may therefore not be acquainted with the writings cited.
C) Even the US Air Force cannot explain all of the sightings of UFOs which are reported to it each year.
D) A sociologist is sufficiently well educated to read and understand scientific literature in a field other than her own.
E) It is impossible to get complete agreement on matters such as the possibility of life on other planets.

Could you please discuss in detail why should I choose or discard options A and D?


Option B is out of scope because we are not discussing about authors credentials and so on..
Option C is clrealy out of scope because what does US Air Force has to do anything with this discussion.
E is also out becuase life on other planet and UFO may be different.(what if aliens all live on an airship or something like that... lol)

Main argument between A and D.Option D says that the sociologist can read the research papers and so on...well it does not say that if anyone can then one must have read it.. meaning that she may be able to comprehend the report but what on earth would make her read the report on the first place and also its out of her scope of intrest.. so for that reason D can be eliminated. A is the best option(even though it does not follow most GMAT elimination strategies used... but stil it is a winner)
Option A is correct
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Re: Professor Branch, who is chair of the sociology department, claims she [#permalink]
Expert Reply
Official Explanation

In this story, the identity of the person who reports the incident is irrelevant. So long as it is not someone with a special infirmity (very poor eyesight, for example) or poor credibility (an inveterate liar), the person is quite capable of reporting what she saw—or what she thought she saw. The most serious weakness of the analysis presented is that it attacks Professor Branch’s credentials.

To be sure, one might want to question the accuracy of the report: At what time did it occur? What were the lighting conditions? Had the observer been drinking or smoking? But these can be asked independently of attacking the qualifications of the source. Thus, (D) must be wrong, for special credentials are just not needed in this case, so the wrong way to defend Professor Branch is to defend those.

By the same token, it makes no sense to defend Branch by launching a counter-ad hominem attack on her attacker, so (B) is incorrect. (C) and (E) may or may not be true, but they are surely irrelevant to the question of whether this particular sighting is to be trusted.

The correct answer is (A).
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Re: Professor Branch, who is chair of the sociology department, claims she [#permalink]
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