Domestic automobile manufacturers have invested millions of dollars in

D it is
Idioms are:

Research + in + area/location
ie. research in technology, research in many countries

Research + to + infinitive
ie. research to develop a cure for cancer

Research + for + noun
ie. research for the development of a cure for cancer
This to the limit is ok but it sure is very wordy. The infinitive form is more concise. Note that "research + for + gerund" is NOT the right idiom.

This link has some examples on gerund vs infinitives
https://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/gerunds.htm

More X than Y is the correct idiomatic usage

X and Y must be grammatically and logically parallel

X=cars even more gasoline effecient

Lets see Y in options D and E

D

Y= Those ( Demonstrative pronoun used to refer the copy and not the actual antecedent..meaning the cars to be developed and card currently running on the road are different)= cars currently on the road


Comparison grammatical: Yes ( Cars-plural, those -plural)

Comparison logical: Yes ( Apples to Apples)

Hurray!!

Comparison is logical, grammitcally correct and meaningful

But lets not finish..Lets try E


X=cars even more gasoline effecient

Y= there is no mention about cars or even pronouns

Illogical comparison !

D

D?

If the ans is E, my whole explanation needs to be modified let me know.

"invested in" is the idiom
"Research to develop" sounds better.
Also, we need that "than those"

As for gerund/infinitive, this might help:
https://gmatclub.com/phpbb/viewtopic.php?t=9937
domestic-automobile-manufacturers-10037.html
https://langues.cmaisonneuve.qc.ca/sbell ... xplan.html

<<Edited after Paul's post below. That has clear examples.>>

(A) into research to develop cars more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road. -more X than Y idiom is used here …more gasoline efficient ….than presently on the road because we do not know, what’s on the road it’s wrong.
(B) into research for developing even more gasoline-efficient cars on the road than at present –Research must be followed by an infinitive (to develop) and also the same paralelism error as in A-
(C) for research for cars to be developed that are more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road. –dudes wat is that sentence no need an explanation-
(D) in research to develop cars even more gasoline-efficient than those at present on the road -

(E) in research for developing cars that are even more gasoline-efficient than presently on the road- Research must be followed by an infinitive (to develop), here …more gasoline efficient ….than presently on the road because we do not know, what’s on the road it’s wrong.

Between D & E :

To do : Signifies specific purpose

I picked up the knife to cut the the vegetables.

For doing : Signifies general utility

Knives are for cutting vegetables.


Here the topic is the specific reason of research. Hence to is more appropriate.

Answer : D

Domestic automobile manufacturers have invested millions of dollars into research to develop cars more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road.

A) into research to develop cars more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road.
"even" should be placed before "more".
The comparison "more gasoline-efficient... than presently on the road" is illogical and ambiguous. Cars are compared to a moment in time.
B) into research for developing even more gasoline-efficient cars on the road than at present.
The comparison "more gasoline-efficient cars... than at present" is illogical and ambiguous. Cars are compared to a moment in time.
C) for research for cars to be developed that are more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road.
"for research for cars to be developed" is wordy and awkward.
"even" should be placed before "more".
The comparison "more gasoline-efficient... than presently on the road" is illogical and ambiguous. Cars are compared to a moment in time.
D) in research to develop cars even more gasoline-efficient than those at present on the road.
E) in research for developing cars that are even more gasoline-efficient than presently on the road.
The comparison "more gasoline-efficient... than presently on the road" is illogical and ambiguous. Cars are compared to a moment in time.

GMATNinja
Please could you help me understand

(1) For developing Vs To develop

(2) Any difference between (b) and (e)

Please could you help me understand

(1) For developing Vs To develop

(2) Any difference between (b) and (e)[/quote]

Hoozan
Hi

1) to+verb is used to show the purpose or intention of the main verb, whereas for+verb-ing modifies the verb or the noun when the context of the sentence requires to present the what for aspect. For more information you can search for egmat article on this topic.

2)
In option B - as per the meaning the options says that " the research is made for developing "more no. of gasoline efficient cars " rather than "developing cars that are more gasoline efficient" as to those at present " And in the same option the comparison is made b/w the more no of gasoline car and the present . This is a faulty comparison .

In Option E - The research is for developing cars that are more gasoline efficient , and these cars are been compared to the present day. Again a faulty comparison.

egmat is the analysis fine. it would be great to have your suggestion

If you still didn't able to deduce the comparison stated, do read the sentence by breaking it into multiple parts ,and then read.

I'm not quite sure what the comparison is within A. "...cars more gasoline-efficient...than presently on the road." So cars are compared with a "moment in time" (i.e., the present)? Is this logic the same for the rest of the answer choices?

(A) into research to develop cars more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road

(A) seems to express that the cars are more gasoline efficient than presently on the road, as if the cars have two possible qualities, gasoline efficient and presently on the road, and the quality gasoline efficient is more pronounced than the quality presently on the road.

(A) could also be read as expressing that cars are more gasoline efficient than a modifier, the modifier "presently on the road," in which case cars are illogically compared with a modifier.

This comparison is essentially repeated by (C) and (E) with the order of the wording changed a bit.

(B) into research for developing even more gasoline-efficient cars on the road than at present

(B) almost works. It almost effectively expresses a comparison along the lines of more cars on the road than there are at present. However, because it does not use "there are," it does not effectively express that comparison and, instead, compares a quantity of cars with a time, at present.
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GMAT Prep Question on similar comparison. https://gmatclub.com/forum/domestic-aut ... 73456.html

Domestic automobile manufacturers have invested millions of dollars into research to develop cars more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road.


(A) into research to develop cars more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road- What are we comparing "cars more gasoline-efficient" with "presently on the road". No! car should be compared with car, right!

(B) into research for developing even more gasoline-efficient cars on the road than at present- Again, we are comparing wrong, "more gasoline-efficient cars on the road" with "at present" (time). Not good.

(C) for research for cars to be developed that are more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road- Again wrong comparison as A and B.

(D) in research to develop cars even more gasoline-efficient than those at present on the road- Hmm. Correct comparison and those refer to cars. It makes sense. Let's keep it.

(E) in research for developing cars that are even more gasoline-efficient than presently on the road- Again wrong comparison as A and B.

So, I think D.

Can we interpret option A with ellipses ? -> cars more gasoline efficient even than (cars) presently on the road?

Hello Taulark1,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, we cannot interpret Option A in this way because although repeated verbs can be omitted from comparisons, for the sake of conciseness, repeated nouns cannot.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
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ExpertsGlobal5

Is this a definite rule in the world of grammar or gmat?