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Re: Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have [#permalink]
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This question best explains what will I do in GMAT if I see a question like this.

First choice of 98% people will be option "E". But will GMAT show a very clear answer choice? I think it should be "D". The question doesn't mention the anti locking brakes any where, so I am going with D.
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Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have [#permalink]
Simple Q

A, B & C are out of context & doesn't explain why change came post 1980
E doesn't explains why the increase has happened post 1980
D clearly explains why the change happened post 1980

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Re: Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have [#permalink]
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+1 D

The key in this type of questions is to notice what changed after the date we are analyzing. In this case, 1980.
The majority of the rest of choices talk about general facts that could take place before or after 1980. So, they can't solve the paradox.
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Re: Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have [#permalink]
(A) During the winter, the U.S. has an unusually large number of icy roadways. => the # of accident did not relate to the number of icy roadways
(B) Cars can be just as likely to skid and spin out just after the beginning of a snowstorm as when roads are covered by patches of ice. => the condition of icy road is also out of scope
(C) Prior to the introduction of anti-lock brakes in American cars, more drivers skidded and spun out in the U.S. than in any other country. => talking about other countries is also out of scope
(D) After 1980, many U.S. drivers who had specifically avoided driving in icy conditions no longer did so. => the behavior that have effect to the number of cars use icy roadway will impact negatively to the number of accidents
(E) Many drivers skid and spin out on ice because they fail to steer appropriately rather than because their cars lack anti-lock brakes. => does not related to anti-lock brakes
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Re: Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have [#permalink]
ykaiim wrote:
(E) Many drivers skid and spin out on ice because they fail to steer appropriately rather than because their cars lack anti-lock brakes.

even if this is true, it doesn't explain the rise in the incidents. the same drivers spun earlier as well; why the rise?
D explains the rise and, hence, is the correct ans.
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Re: Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have [#permalink]
Hi bb, abhimahna,

This CR is a repeated post. Can you please merge the topics. It will be helpful for us to track the comments and different approaches.

Thank you
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Re: Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have [#permalink]
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Nightmare007 wrote:
Hi bb, abhimahna,

This CR is a repeated post. Can you please merge the topics. It will be helpful for us to track the comments and different approaches.

Thank you
Best Regards
MBA Aspirant.


Thank you. Topics merged, cleaned and updated with OA. :-)
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Re: Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have [#permalink]
ykaiim wrote:
Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have anti-lock brakes. These brakes help to prevent cars from skidding and spinning out on ice, and would therefore seem to increase driver control. However, after 1980, when all American-made cars were manufactured with anti-lock brakes, the number of U.S. drivers who experience car accidents due to skidding or spinning out on ice increased by 4 percent annually.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increase in the number of drivers who skidded and spun out on ice?

(A) During the winter, the U.S. has an unusually large number of icy roadways.
(B) Cars can be just as likely to skid and spin out just after the beginning of a snowstorm as when roads are covered by patches of ice.
(C) Prior to the introduction of anti-lock brakes in American cars, more drivers skidded and spun out in the U.S. than in any other country.
(D) After 1980, many U.S. drivers who had specifically avoided driving in icy conditions no longer did so.
(E) Many drivers skid and spin out on ice because they fail to steer appropriately rather than because their cars lack anti-lock brakes.


Upon scanning the options, it seems there is a confusion between options D and E. Upon analyzing option E , if its the inability of driver to steer properly lead to skid and spin then anti-lock brakes has no effect what so ever. This also means this should be true even prior to 1980 this doesn't tell a reason for 4% increase post 1980. Option D on the other hand exactly provides reason for 4% increase post 1980. hence D is correct E is wrong.
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Re: Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have [#permalink]
We need to find reason why accidents are now more as compared to past
D clearly states that reason as nowadays more ppl.drive on icy tracks more casualties or accident occur.

E mention reason for accident but not how they are not in the past.
A,B and C also mention some reasons but they are not pointing out why these aCcidents r not in past

Posted from my mobile device
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Re: Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have [#permalink]
Quote:
Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have anti-lock brakes. These brakes help to prevent cars from skidding and spinning out on ice, and would therefore seem to increase driver control. However, after 1980, when all American-made cars were manufactured with anti-lock brakes, the number of U.S. drivers who experience car accidents due to skidding or spinning out on ice increased by 4 percent annually.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increase in the number of drivers who skidded and spun out on ice?

(A) During the winter, the U.S. has an unusually large number of icy roadways.
(B) Cars can be just as likely to skid and spin out just after the beginning of a snowstorm as when roads are covered by patches of ice.
(C) Prior to the introduction of anti-lock brakes in American cars, more drivers skidded and spun out in the U.S. than in any other country.
(D) After 1980, many U.S. drivers who had specifically avoided driving in icy conditions no longer did so.
(E) Many drivers skid and spin out on ice because they fail to steer appropriately rather than because their cars lack anti-lock brakes.


The right answer is D. The key thing to note about this question is that it is asking us to resolve the apparent paradox. If cars have anti-lock brakes now, then why is the number of accidents going up? Hence, we are looking to explain how the number of accidents might have gone up.

A, B, C - None of these refer to anything that could have changed before or after the anti-lock brakes, so none of them work here. OUT

E - This does say that it has something to do with driver skill, and if true, it may explain why skidding is common. BUT, it only explains why the rate of skidding should be the same. If anti-lock brakes don't have an impact, then it doesn't make sense unless driver skill has dropped off.

Hence, D is the right answer. It also clearly gives a reason why accidents would increase, that people are putting themselves in the situation much more often.

- Matoo
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Re: Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have [#permalink]
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Re: Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have [#permalink]
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