The bride walked slowly, her face glowing in the sunlight.The modifier in green is known as an ABSOLUTE PHRASE.
An absolute phrase is composed of the following:
POSSESSIVE + NOUN + MODIFIER
Generally, an absolute phrase must either follow or precede an independent clause. with the possessive and noun in the absolute phrase referring to the subject of the independent clause.
Here, the portion in blue can stand alone as a complete sentence and thus is an independent clause.
The possessive and noun in the absolute phrase --
her face -- correctly refers to the preceding subject (
the bride).
Quote:
Q1. A lot of students, including me, pick C.
What is grammatically wrong with C.? Is it simply because C. doesn't have "so"?
I think C. is a proper "noun + noun modifier".
Q2. If I modify choice C. to be "its gusts of gale-force wind SO relentless", would it be correct?
C:
So heavy were the storm’s rains and hailstones, its gusts of gale-force wind relentlessHere, the portion in red is composed of COMMA + POSSESSIVE + NOUN + MODIFIER and thus seems to be serving as an absolute phrase.
But the preceding clause in blue cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and thus is not independent.
Also,
its gusts refers not to the preceding subject (
rains and hailstones) but to the preceding possessive (
storm's).
As a result, this usage of an absolute phrase is invalid.
Quote:
Q3. For the correct choice E., what is the role of "so relentless its gusts of gale-force wind"?
Does it modify "So heavy were the storm's rains and hailstones" in front of it?
Can we have an adjective as an appositive?
Structures that are parallel and serve the same function may sometimes be connected solely by a comma.
An official example:
In a state of pure commercial competition, there would be a large number of producing firms, all unfettered by governmental regulations, each seeking to meet consumer needs and wants more successfully than the others.Here, the two colored portions are parallel and serve the same function: each serves to describe the preceding noun (
firms).
For this reason, the two colored portions may correctly be connected solely by a comma.
OA for the SC above:
So heavy were the storm’s rains and hailstones, so relentless [were] its gusts of gale-force winds, that the city took nearly a decade to recover from the monumental hurricane.Here, the verb in brackets is omitted but implied.
The two colored portions are parallel and serve the same function.
Each refers to the following
that-clause, as follows:
So heavy were the storm’s rains and hailstones that the city took nearly a decade to recover from the monumental hurricane.
So relentless [were] its gusts of gale-force winds that the city took nearly a decade to recover from the monumental hurricane.Because the two colored portions are parallel and serve the same function, they may correctly be connected solely by a comma.