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Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled.

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Bunuel
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Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled. [#permalink] New post  01 Sep 2021, 01:30
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Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled.

(A) has doubled
(B) doubled
(C) had doubled
(D) have doubled
(E) has increased by two times

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Bunuel
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Re: Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled. [#permalink] New post  02 Sep 2021, 01:15
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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION



Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled.

(A) has doubled

This answer choice correctly uses the Present Perfect tense with the time expression Since.


(B) doubled

This answer choice is grammatically incorrect because it uses the Past Simple (doubled) with the time expression Since. Since is indicative of the Present Perfect tense; the action described began in 2000 and continues to the present.


(C) had doubled

This answer choice is grammatically incorrect. It incorrectly uses the Past Perfect (had doubled) with the time expression Since. Since is indicative of the Present Perfect tense; it indicates that the action described began in 2000 and continues to the present.


(D) have doubled

This answer choice is grammatically incorrect. The singular subject rate does not agree with the plural verb have.


(E) has increased by two times

While this answer choice is grammatically correct, it is stylistically flawed. Replacing the single word doubled with the four-word phrase increased by two times creates redundancy.
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Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled. [#permalink] New post  Updated on: 01 Sep 2021, 09:27
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My answer is (A). It took me 14 seconds.

(A) "Since 2000" is one of few strong signals calling for the use of perfect verb tense. (A) dutifully uses present perfect tense.
(B) Yet (B) does not.
(C) Past perfect tense cannot be justified without a past event to indicate the end of the action (that uses past perfect tense).
(D) SVA
(E) For one, it is wordy and awkward. For another, it means Triple instead. (The meaning change itself is not fatal. Test takers are not expected to know actual HIV infection rate data in Europe, or in any other region.)

Originally posted by zhanbo on 01 Sep 2021, 02:52.
Last edited by zhanbo on 01 Sep 2021, 09:27, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled. [#permalink] New post  01 Sep 2021, 03:29
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Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled.

Infection rate is singular - Eliminate C and D
With "since" we must use present perfect
two times mean at two occasions - Illogical

(A) is the answer
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Re: Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled. [#permalink] New post  01 Sep 2021, 06:12
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(A) Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled - 'Present Perfect Tense' is used, Correct Tense, Meaning is clear. Correct

(B) Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe doubled- 'Present Perfect Tense' is to be used with 'since'. 'has' is required- Eliminate

(C) Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe had doubled - The usage of 'since' signifies an ongoing event. Hence usage of 'had' is incorrect. 'Present Perfect Tense' is used . Eliminate

(D) Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe have doubled - HIV infection rate is singular, Hence usage of 'has' is required, Eliminate

(E) Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has increased by two times - Incorrect grammar, Wordy, 'Has doubled' is preferable to 'has increased by two times'. Eliminate

Answer : A
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Re: Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled. [#permalink] New post  01 Sep 2021, 09:02
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Bunuel wrote:
Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled.


(A) has doubled
The tense is perfect and the meaning is perfect

(B) doubled
has is required therefore out

(C) had doubled
Refering something in the past which is not the right usage

(D) have doubled
has is the right usage

(E) has increased by two times
Wordy akward and doesn't convey the right meaning

Therefore IMO A
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Re: Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled. [#permalink] New post  01 Sep 2021, 09:14
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Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled.

(A) has doubled- Correct
(B) doubled - Incorrect. Tense error. We need to use present perfect tense here.
(C) had doubled - Incorrect. 'had' is not correct usage. Tense error.
(D) have doubled - Incorrect. Singular rate cannot take have as a verb.
(E) has increased by two times - Incorrect. Wordy.

IMO A
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Re: Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled. [#permalink] New post  01 Sep 2021, 11:53
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Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled.

(A) has doubled -> Since hints for something started way back and continued. Let's keep it.
(B) doubled -> Tense error. Incorrect.
(C) had doubled -> Tense error. Incorrect.
(D) have doubled -> infection rate is singular. We don't need plural verb, have. Incorrect.
(E) has increased by two times -> two times is confusing. Incorrect.

So, I think A. :)
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Re: Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled. [#permalink] New post  01 Sep 2021, 14:08
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Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled.
Clearly the sentence starts from the past(Since year 2000) and continous to the present, or the presetn time of the author/writer when this statement is made.



(A) has doubled
Present perfect tense looks good with respect to the meaning of the sentence. So the answer choice is A

(B) doubled
Simple past tense, assuming the event ended is not correct.

(C) had doubled
We only use the past perfect tense when we are talking about the past and want to refer back to an earlier past time.
It is not the case in this sentence. Hence, eliminate.

(D) have doubled
Rate is not plural and usage of have is grammatically incorrect.

(E) has increased by two times
'increased by' is used for percentage or fractions and has been incorrect in this sentence when using times (which itself means multiplied by).
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Re: Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled. [#permalink] New post  01 Sep 2021, 19:23
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Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled.

(A) has doubled : "Since" is an indicator of present perfect and since the subject is also singular ("the HIV infection rate"), "has" is correct
(B) doubled : need present perfect
(C) had doubled : need present perfect
(D) have doubled : Subject singular
(E) has increased by two times : Unnecessarily wordy
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Re: Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled. [#permalink] New post  01 Sep 2021, 23:08
Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled.

(A) has doubled Correct
(B) doubled Incorrect
(C) had doubled Incorrect
(D) have doubled Incorrect
(E) has increased by two times Incorrect

POE - 'Since' present in sentence, so have or has require
the HIV infection rate singular, need to use has; Eliminate D
past form wrong, eliminate B & C

Between A & E - A is less and better

Answer A
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Re: Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled. [#permalink] New post  01 Sep 2021, 23:10
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Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled.

(A) has doubled - Use of since triggers use of present perfect tense. Correct
(B) doubled - Present perfect is required
(C) had doubled - Present perfect is required
(D) have doubled - SV Error.
(E) has increased by two times Increased by two times is wrong. Doubled is concise and correct.
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Re: Since the year 2000, the HIV infection rate in Europe has doubled. [#permalink]
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