vikrantgulia wrote:
My doubt for this question is how to know whether use a verb after "than" such as are ,will ,do etc. Explanation with examples is highly appreciated and kudos as well.
Specific to this question, I could eliminate A,B & C based on 'rest-race' parallelism, and eliminate D on the basis of present perfect tense; even without reaching till any of the action verbs.
Coming to your question, consider the following sentences
1. As a teacher, John takes less salary than a driver.
The comparison is between John and the driver. This is correct.2. John's salary is less than a driver.
John's salary is being compared to driver. This is wrong.3. John's salary is less than that of a driver.
'John's salary is less than the salary of a driver'. This sentence is also fine.4. As a teacher, John takes less salary than a driver does.
The comparison is between John's action (taking) and a driver's action. This is also fine. More ex. on 1 & 4
a. Cheetah runs faster than tiger.
I am comparing the cheetah with the tiger. b. Cheetah runs faster than tiger does.
I am comparing the cheetah's action (running) with that of the tiger.5. John's salary is less than a driver's.
A driver's is concision of driver's salary. Here, I am comparing John's salary and the driver's salary. This sentence is also perfectly fine.Coming back to your sentence now and rephrasing the present perfect to simple present in D
D. race on synthetic surfaces, they are less
likely to sustain an injury or illness than
do those exhausted
we are comparing actions - sustain is the action word
E. race on synthetic surfaces,
they are less likely to sustain an injury or illness than
those exhausted
we are comparing the horses
I would say both are good (meaning-wise and grammar-wise)