KAPLAN OE :Choosing between "that" and "which" is difficult for many students, but the rule is clear. If the expression further identifies the particular object(s) in question, "that" is correct. If the expression is merely providing more information about the thing(s) but not identifying which one(s), "which" is the proper word. For example, consider the difference between The book that has a red cover is mine and The book, which has a red cover, is mine. That implies the presence of multiple books, and the that clause singles out the one with a red cover. Which implies the presence of just one book, and the which clause merely describes it further.
In this sentence, the expression "which they experienced as children" further identifies the humiliations that lead criminals to degrade their victims. Not just any humiliations result in violent behavior but specifically childhood humiliations do so. Therefore, that is required. Eliminate (A) for using "which."
A scan of the answer choices shows that (D) also uses "which," while the other choices use "that." All the choices use the correct plural pronoun "they" to refer to "criminals," but (B) and (D) end with "child" and (A), (C), and (E) end with "children." There is also a 3-2 split between "similar to" and "such as"; "similar to" is used to make a comparison, while "such as" is used to introduce an example.
Eliminate (D) for retaining "which" and for using the singular "child." Eliminate (B) for using "child." Look more closely at (C) and (E).
(E) changes "similar to" to "such as." Such as is used to introduce specific examples (for example, I like breakfast foods such as bacon and eggs). The author does not use a specific example of humiliation here, instead comparing the humiliations visited upon victims to those suffered by criminals as children. Eliminate (E).
(C) is the correct answer. It changes "which" to "that" and keeps phrase "similar to" to make the comparison.
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Everything will fall into place…
There is perfect timing for
everything and everyone.
Never doubt, But Work on
improving yourself,
Keep the faith and
Stay ready. When it’s
finally your turn,
It will all make sense.