The herbicide Oryzalin was still being produced in 1979, three years

dave13 - These words are easy to mix up. Native speakers mix up "borne" and "born" in writing quite often.


There is a difference.
Born is an . . . adjective.
Borne is the past participle of "bear."

"To bear" can also mean to give birth to [a child].

The examples I list are probably better at conveying the distinction than the description of parts of speech.

How each word is used (parts of speech)
-- "borne" is the past participle of the verb "to bear"
-- "born" is
(1) very loosely, the "rest" of a verb "to be => born"
(2) formally, born is an adjective that goes with the linking verb to be. Born as an adjective describes or renames the subject.
"Born" is simultaneously a subject complement.
The baby was born today. "Was" is a linking verb. Born describes the noun baby.
We can substitute an easier adjective. The baby was upset. "Upset" is a subject complement and adjective that describes the baby.

Active vs. passive
I will use the terms "active" and "passive" in this sense:
-- "Active": A woman is the person who bears, gives birth to, or has borne a child. She does something.
She performs an act. The verb is transitive; it needs an object. We cannot say "She has borne." We say, "She has borne a child."
-- "Passive": A child who IS born is part of a process in which he is not actively making himself be born. Nature is "acting" upon him.

Passive = TO BE BORN: a child IS BORN
Active = TO BEAR (a child) = a woman HAS BORNE a child

correct, PASSIVE: A child IS born on a certain day. His birthday is November 18.
correct, ACTIVE: The mother has thus borne a child on November 18.

If a woman has borne a child . . .
she has given birth to a child. She has "had" a child (very common in the U.S.).

Your pickup is outstanding. I recommend that people read the definition of "bear" and especially the examples in
The Oxford English Dictionary, online and The Cambridge English Dictionary online.

Examples
You are correct that
• BORNE is the past participle of BEAR
Additionally
• BORN is an adjective

WRONG: A child is not borne on November 18.
-- CORRECT: A child is BORN on November 18.
-- WRONG: A woman has not born that child on November 18.
-- CORRECT: The woman has borne (given birth to) that child on November 18.

• Option A (this analysis will apply to the verb in D that bothers you)

-- Some women bear children with a doctor and a doula present. [SIMPLE PRESENT - a general case]

-- She bore two children. [SIMPLE PAST - a woman gave birth to two children.]

-- She is likely to have borne a child with dimpled cheeks.
[We don't know yet whether the baby has dimpled cheeks. We are on our way to visit the mother and baby.]
-- She is likely to have given birth to a child with dimpled cheeks.
[Same as above. The sentence above simply uses a different verb construction.]

Different issue in A and B: "children with miscarriages" is incorrect
Options A and B involve a different issue.
(A) states "to have borne children with heart defects or miscarriages"

-- The preposition with "distributes" across the objects of the preposition.

-- I have worked in Boston and New York.
I have worked in Boston and in New York.

Distribute the preposition "with" in A and B (I will "distribute" additional words to make the error clear).
(A) to have borne children with heart defects or [children with] miscarriages . . .
(B) to have had children born with heart defects or [children born] with miscarriages . .

These phrases are absurd in meaning: from (A), children with miscarriages; and from (B), children born with miscarriages.

Children do not have miscarriages. Children are not born with miscarriages.
Women who are pregnant have or suffer miscarriages.

Hope that helps!