sacmanitin wrote:
The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980’s.
(A) The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980’s.
(B) The modernization program for the steel mill, hopefully completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.
(C) Modernizing the steel mill, hopefully to be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.
(D) The program for modernizing the steel mill, which can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980’s and cost approximately 51 million dollars.
(E) Modernizing the steel mill, a program that can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.
Here is my analysis of this question:
The entire sentence is underlined so we will likely see different sentence structures in the options. This is what it tells us:
The modernization program will cost 51 million dollars and it can hopefully be completed in the late 1980’s (and not later). ‘Modernizing the steel mill’ gives more information than ‘modernization program for the steel mill.’ It tells us what exactly is getting modernized and from the context it certainly looks like the mill is getting modernized. So, we would prefer ‘modernizing the steel mill’ but will not eliminate anything.
(A) The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980’s.The relative pronoun ‘which’ modifies the program but is very close to the ’51 million dollars’ and seems to modify it.
Also, the adverb ‘hopefully’ serves the purpose better than the modifying clause ‘it is hoped.’ If we do use this clause, we should use it as a non-essential modifier surrounded by commas.
(B) The modernization program for the steel mill, hopefully completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.‘completed’ has been used as a modifying past participle, not as a verb (To be used as a verb, it needed a helping verb because it has passive meaning – ‘the program will be completed,’ not ‘the program completed’)
So, it seems to say that the program was completed in the past, but we are discussing a future program (which will cost 51 million dollars). Hence, this option is incorrect.
(C) Modernizing the steel mill, hopefully to be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.The meaning has changed here. ‘…to be completed in the late 1980’s’ means that the intent is to complete it in the late 1980’s, not before. Then, the use of ‘hopefully’ doesn’t make sense. The intent is to say that it will hopefully be done by then. The adverb ‘hopefully’ needs a verb so we need to say ‘hopefully will/can be completed …’
Hence, this option is incorrect.
(D) The program for modernizing the steel mill, which can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980’s and cost approximately 51 million dollars.This is a fragment. We don’t have a main clause! Often, when the sentence involves complete restructuring, we have one or two options which are missing the main clause. Our work simplifies a whole lot when that happens.
The structure here is ‘the program …, which can be completed… and cost …’
The ‘which’ clause is erroneous too. ‘and’ joins ‘can be completed…’ with ‘cost …’ so the two should be parallel. But we need a verb with cost such as ‘will cost…’
Hence, this option is incorrect.
(E) Modernizing the steel mill, a program that can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.Here, the main clause is ‘Modernizing the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars.’
‘a program that can be completed in the late 1980’s’ is a noun modifier with the structure ‘noun + that clause (modifier).’ It correctly modifies ‘modernizing the steel mill.’
‘it is hoped’ is a non-essential modifier within this noun modifier.
Everything is correct here.
Answer (E)
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