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Dmitriy
The most widely known images of Yosemite National Park are those made by photographer Ansel Adams, who photographed it continually from his teenage years on.

a) who photographed it continually from his teenage years on
b) who photographed it starting from his teenage years and then continually
c) who photographed it starting in his teenage years and continually from then on
d) having photographed it continually since his teenage years
e) having photographed it starting in his teenage years and then continually

ِD, E: 'having photographed' modifies the subject of the sentence, i.e. 'images'. This does not make sense. Hence, this modifier is dangling in both sentences.

B, C: 'starting' modifies 'it'
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arvind

Quote:
d) having photographed it continually since his teenage years
The adverbial modifier starting with 'having' faultily modifies essentially the doer of the previous clause namely the 'images' as if the images have photographed the park
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Dmitriy
What does "on" at the end of the A and C mean?

"From his teenage years on" is like referring to the phrase: "From then on". Except 'then' in this sentence refers to the teenage years.
The word 'then' refers to a specific point in time, which could be in the past or in the future (depends on the context).
The word 'on' refers to the time that follows 'then'

In the sentence, "who photographed it continually from his teenage years on" implies, starting from his teenage years he photographed it continually.

A is just a more concise way of rephrasing C.
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Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
Dmitriy
The most widely known images of Yosemite National Park are those made by photographer Ansel Adams, who photographed it continually from his teenage years on.


(A) who photographed it continually from his teenage years on

(B) who photographed it starting from his teenage years and then continually

(C) who photographed it starting in his teenage years and continually from then on

(D) having photographed it continually since his teenage years

(E) having photographed it starting in his teenage years and then continually

Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of this sentence is that the most widely known images of Yosemite National Park are those made by the photographer Ansel Adams, and Ansel Adams photographed it continually from his teenage years on.

Concepts tested here: Meaning + Modifiers + Awkwardness/Redundancy

A: Correct. This answer choice modifies "Ansel Adams" with "who photographed it...years on", conveying the intended meaning - that the most widely known images of Yosemite National Park are those made by the photographer Ansel Adams, and as a separate action Ansel Adams photographed it continually from his teenage years on. Further, Option A is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.

B: This answer choice uses the needlessly wordy phrase "starting from his teenage years and then continually", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

C: This answer choice uses the needlessly wordy phrase "starting in his teenage years and continually from then on", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

D: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "having photographed it continually"; the use of the "comma + present participle ("verb+ing" - "having" in this sentence) incorrectly implies that most widely known images of Yosemite National Park are those made by photographer Ansel Adams because he photographed it continually from his teenage years on; the intended meaning is that the most widely known images of Yosemite National Park are those made by the photographer Ansel Adams, and as a separate action Ansel Adams photographed it continually from his teenage years on; please remember, the introduction of the present participle ("verb+ing"- “opening” in this case) after comma generally leads to a cause-effect relationship.

E: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "having photographed it starting"; the use of the "comma + present participle ("verb+ing" - "having" in this sentence) incorrectly implies that most widely known images of Yosemite National Park are those made by photographer Ansel Adams because he photographed it continually from his teenage years on; the intended meaning is that the most widely known images of Yosemite National Park are those made by the photographer Ansel Adams, and as a separate action Ansel Adams photographed it continually from his teenage years on; please remember, the introduction of the present participle ("verb+ing"- “having” in this case) after comma generally leads to a cause-effect relationship. Further, Option E uses the needlessly wordy phrase "starting in his teenage years and then continually", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

Hence, A is the best answer choice.

Additional Note: Some students may believe that Options B and C are incorrect due to a supposed lack of parallelism between the present participle "starting" and the adverb "continually"; however, this is not the case. In these answer choices, "starting" plays the role of an adverb acting upon the verb "photographed", just as "continually" does. To understand this concept, please consider this example "John jogs every day, starting from his house and continuing for five miles."

To understand the concept of "Comma plus Present Participle for Cause-Effect relationship" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~3 minutes):



All the best!
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lucbesson
Dmitriy
The most widely known images of Yosemite National Park are those made by photographer Ansel Adams, who photographed it continually from his teenage years on.

a) who photographed it continually from his teenage years on
b) who photographed it starting from his teenage years and then continually
c) who photographed it starting in his teenage years and continually from then on
d) having photographed it continually since his teenage years
e) having photographed it starting in his teenage years and then continually

Can anybody please explain why the rest B-E answers are worse than A except for concision?

THX!

lucbesson,

I arrived at correct answer. My POE is below.

B & C....

who photographed it [national park] starting in his teenage years and ......

For me the list before "and" and after "and" didnt seem parallel

D & E...

I thought had a modifier error....i.e. Having etcc....doesnt provide any additional info about the images or why it was made....
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OzCat4
But I am not clear with A, B, and C.
A: The phrase "continually from his teenage years on" indicates the photographing is a continued action. So, I think the use of past tense in this choice "who photographed it" is wrong, and the correct sentence should be "who has photographed it..."
It depends on (a) whether the person the sentence is talking about is still alive and (b) whether that person is still performing the action discussed in the sentence.

1. Einstein, who continually attempted to argue against quantum mechanics...
Because Einstein is no longer alive, the past tense is appropriate.

2. X, who has continually attempted to argue against quantum mechanics...
If X is still alive and is still trying to argue against quantum mechanics, we can use the present perfect tense in this sentence.
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adityapagadala
Why IT in all the options? What is it referring to?

Hi,
I would like to reply your question mostly for incoming fellows.
Initially, I have the same question as you and would dare to choose any answer choice that have plural pronoun instead of "it". But carefully study make me understand "it" refers to "Yosemite National Park", as "Ansel Adams photographed it". Nothing is ambiguous here.
Cheers.
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Dmitriy
The most widely known images of Yosemite National Park are those made by photographer Ansel Adams, who photographed it continually from his teenage years on.

a) who photographed it continually from his teenage years on
b) who photographed it starting from his teenage years and then continually
c) who photographed it starting in his teenage years and continually from then on
d) having photographed it continually since his teenage years
e) having photographed it starting in his teenage years and then continually

"from+ noun+ on" is the idiom we have to know.

starting in b and c have no grammarical position. wrong.
having done in e and d are wrong.
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ammuseeru
Abhishek009,

is (Comma + WHO) acceptable syntax ?
I'm not sure if you're still looking for a reply, but yes, it is perfectly acceptable to put a comma before this type of who. The comma may in fact be necessary:

... Mahatma Gandhi who was one of the... ← This one is not correct. It seems to suggest that there were multiple Mahatma Gandhis.
... Mahatma Gandhi, who was one of the... ← This one just introduces some additional information about Mahatma Gandhi, without implying that there are other Mahatma Gandhis.

Keep in mind that this is a meaning call.
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Will2020
Dmitriy
The most widely known images of Yosemite National Park are those made by photographer Ansel Adams, who photographed it continually from his teenage years on.


(A) who photographed it continually from his teenage years on

(B) who photographed it starting from his teenage years and then continually

(C) who photographed it starting in his teenage years and continually from then on

(D) having photographed it continually since his teenage years

(E) having photographed it starting in his teenage years and then continually

Hi EMPOWERgmatVerbal KarishmaB! Would you mind tackling this question? Thank you! :please:

(D) and (E) are out because comma + present participle at the end is not suitable here. Neither is it cause effect nor a how explanation of the previous action etc. It doesn't modify the subject of the previous clause "images" either.


"who photographed ..." after Ansel Adams makes sense since it tells us about Ansel Adams but is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.

'continually' means 'uninterrupted'.
So what we want to say is that Ansel Adams photographed YNP continually from his teenage years onwards. He started photographing it in his teenage years and continued uninterrupted.
So (A) makes complete sense and concisely explains what is meant.

(B) and (C) are not as good as (A) because they seem to have disconnected 'continually' and 'the point from which it has been done continually'. If we want to say that he did it regularly from a certain point onwards, then (A) is better.
This is where concision is preferable. Concision does not mean that we should count the words and prefer one word over two words. It means that what can be said directly and elegantly should not be said in a round about confusing way.

Hence (A) is the best.
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konork
Hi Experts,

In B and C the conjunction AND is not correctly used.

Can you'll please clarify the errors in B and C?

B and C are wordy, i.e. these options use more words than option A to express the same idea.

I started running at 3 pm and then continually (ran).
I continually ran from 3 pm.

The second option is better because of concision.
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Can some please explain why C is wrong?
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What does "on" at the end of the A and C mean?
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Dmitriy
The most widely known images of Yosemite National Park are those made by photographer Ansel Adams, who photographed it continually from his teenage years on.

a) who photographed it continually from his teenage years on
b) who photographed it starting from his teenage years and then continually
c) who photographed it starting in his teenage years and continually from then on
d) having photographed it continually since his teenage years
e) having photographed it starting in his teenage years and then continually

Can anybody please explain why the rest B-E answers are worse than A except for concision?

THX!
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Why IT in all the options? What is it referring to?
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adityapagadala
Why IT in all the options? What is it referring to?
Bcos there is nothing else to which "it" can refer to. It must refer to an object.
Another rule is that "it" is never used for a person. A person is usually referred to by "he", "she", "him", "her", etc.
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Dmitriy
The most widely known images of Yosemite National Park are those made by photographer Ansel Adams, who photographed it continually from his teenage years on.

a) who photographed it continually from his teenage years on
b) who photographed it starting from his teenage years and then continually
c) who photographed it starting in his teenage years and continually from then on
d) having photographed it continually since his teenage years
e) having photographed it starting in his teenage years and then continually

ِD, E: 'having photographed' modifies the subject of the sentence, i.e. 'images'. This does not make sense. Hence, this modifier is dangling in both sentences.

B, C: 'starting' modifies 'it'

I couldn't connect 'it' to the park . Thought Ansel Adams, who photographed them (images) would have been appropriate?
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