quantum wrote:
The principal feature of the redesigned checks is a series of printed instructions that the company hopes will help merchants confirm a check’s authenticity, which includes reminders to watch the endorsement, compare signatures, and view the watermark while holding the check to the light.
(A) which includes reminders to watch the endorsement, compare signatures, and view
(B) which include reminders for watching the endorsement, to compare signatures and view
(C) by including reminders for watching the endorsement, comparing signatures, and viewing
(D) including reminders to watch the endorsement, comparing signatures and viewing
(E) including reminders to watch the endorsement, compare signatures, and view
we dont need to know what "including" in choice D and E is to go to official answer choice E . but discuss for fun
permit me to post second time. my posting this time contradict with my previous posting.
including can work as an adverb, which refer to subject of the previous clause and modifies the previous clause. the previous clause is " that (instructions) will help merchant confirm".
why including can not work as an adverb here. ? it is quite good for including to do so.
if including works as an adjective here, including is too far from "instructions".
though some noun modifier can modify a slightly far noun, modifying too far noun is a problem.
second thing is
if including can modify a far noun, why "which clause" in choice A and B can not do so. the reason for which we eliminate choice A and B is that "which clause" is too far from the noun modified.
I conclude that "including" in choice E works as an adverb, not adjective".
instructions help merchants confirm authenticity, including the reminders to watch endorsement.
I think this sentence is good.
am i correct?