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The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as

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The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   12 Dec 2020, 14:55
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The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel once conducted operations from mining at one end of the process to shipping at the other have greatly downsized, or in some cases shut down altogether.

(A) as large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel
(B) as large, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that

About "that":
I guess we can omit "that" in some cases such as:
1) The book I read. (without "that")
2) The book that I read. (with "that")
Both of these sentences are correct. Even though we did not write "that" in the first example, "that" is implied.

Coming back to the question:
(A) As large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel once conducted operations from X to Y have greatly downsized.
should be equal to:
As large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel THAT once conducted operations from X to Y have greatly downsized.

Therefore, I do not understand why so many people in this forum think that (A) has two main verbs (conducted & downsized). I think there is no two main verbs. "Conducted" is a verb of the modifier (blue), in which "that" is ommited.

However, in my opinion, why (A) is not correct is because even though "that" is ommited in the modifier, that modifier refers to "Bethlehem Steel". This is not correct, because the modifier should modify "large, integrated companies", not "Bethlehem Steel".

On the other side, choice (B) clearly puts "that" to modify "large, integrated companies", hence, is the correct option.

Any thoughts?
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   12 Dec 2020, 21:58
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custodio wrote:
About "that":
I guess we can omit "that" in some cases such as:
1) The book I read. (without "that")
2) The book that I read. (with "that")
Both of these sentences are correct. Even though we did not write "that" in the first example, "that" is implied.

Coming back to the question:
(A) As large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel once conducted operations from X to Y have greatly downsized.
should be equal to:
As large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel THAT once conducted operations from X to Y have greatly downsized.

Therefore, I do not understand why so many people in this forum think that (A) has two main verbs (conducted & downsized). I think there is no two main verbs. "Conducted" is a verb of the modifier (blue), in which "that" is ommited.

Hi custodio,

In such constructions, we can consider the relative pronoun (that in your example) to be the subject of the verb in the relative clause:
1. The book that was recommended by you looks useful. ← Here book forms a subject-verb pair with looks. We can consider that to be the subject of was recommended.

In such cases, we cannot drop the that. We can replace the entire that-clause with a different type of modifier, but if we decide to stick with a relative clause, we cannot drop the that:
2. The book was recommended by you looks useful. ← If we drop the that, we end up with two verbs for book. This is not correct.

Let's take a sentence in which the verb inside the relative clause has a different subject:
3. The book that you recommended looks useful. ← Here you is the subject of recommended.

When the verb in the relative clause has a different subject, we should be able to drop the that:
4. The book you recommended looks useful. ← This sentence is fine.
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The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   13 Dec 2020, 02:46
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AjiteshArun

Thanks for your answer. I would be glad if you can clarify further.

Based on your answer, I see that:
If the relative pronoun "that" is the subject of the verb in the relative clause, then we CAN'T omit "that". For ex:
The book that was recommended by you looks useful. ("that" is necessary)

However, please look at this official correct sentence:
Finally reaching a decision on an issue that has long been politically charged in the Pacific Northwest, politicians decided to postpone by at least five years an ambitious plan to protect wild salmon and other endangered fish, proposing instead a series of smaller steps intended to protect the fish.

When I look at
... proposing instead a series of smaller steps intended to protect the fish
I observe
THAT is omitted in "steps (THAT) intended to protect the fish."

Clearly, "that" is omitted even "that" is the subject of the word in the relative clause, no?
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   24 Sep 2022, 10:43
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Tanchat wrote:
Dear Experts,

I have a question in (A)

"once" can act as conjunction.
it means as soon as; when.

"once the grapes were pressed, the juice was put into barrels"

then why (A) is incorrect?


Well, you're right that once *can* be used as a conjunction, as in the sentence you provided. When used as a conjunction, 'once' means 'as soon as' or 'shortly after.'

But that's not how 'once' is used in the sentence as written. Here, we are using 'once' as a modifier to mean 'at one point.' The companies operated [extensive types of] operations *at one point*, but now, those companies have downsized or closed.

The sentence isn't saying, "As soon as the companies operated [extensive kinds of] operations, those companies downsized or closed.

'Once' is clearly modifying 'conducted' in the sentence.
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   13 Nov 2023, 21:39
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annikaagarwal wrote:
I'm not able to understand why A is wrong and B is right. Further, why can't there be two verbs in a single clause?

Stripping out a bunch of the modifiers in (A), we're left with this:

    "The steel industry has changed, as companies once conducted operations have greatly downsized, or in some cases shut down altogether."

The part in bold is a problem. Sure, you can have multiple verbs in a single clause, but you need a conjunction to connect them (e.g. "as companies once conducted operations AND have greatly downsized"). As written, (A) is no better than saying "The companies conducted operations have greatly downsized," which doesn't work for the same reason -- there's no conjunction.

Another way to fix the problem is by turning the "once conducted" part into a modifier (e.g. "as companies THAT once conducted operations have greatly downsized"), and that's exactly what we get in choice (B).

I hope that helps!
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   26 Feb 2013, 07:49
Kris01 wrote:
The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as large, integrated
companies such as Bethlehem Steel once conducted operations from mining at one
end of the process to shipping at the other have greatly downsized, or in some cases
shut down altogether.
A. as large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel
B. as large, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that
C. with large, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that
D. while large, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that
E. and large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel

Here the usage of that is necessary. Let us consider choice A to understand this better. Choice A has three clauses.

Clauses:
1.The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades,
2. as large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel once conducted operations from mining at one
end of the process to shipping at the other
3.have greatly downsized, or in some cases shut down altogether.

Here, integrated companies is the subject and "conducted" as well "have downsized" are the verbs. However, if you observe closely, you would see that there is no subject for "have greatly downsized". To assign it a subject we need to ensure that the first part of the sentence should be connected by "that".

Hope this helps!

targetgmatchotu wrote:
Hi all/experts,

I know the OA is (B).Not convinced ,though, by the use of that and why it is necessary in this context.

Plz Advice !!



Thanks a lot for the explanation.

Just for the confirmation that I understood your point , please advice if my interpretation per below is fine.

"X" once conducted operations from mining at one end of the process to shipping at the other [color=#005e20]have greatly downsized, or in some cases shut down altogether.[/color]

X once conducted Y from A to B HAVE VER-ed ,

So HAVE VERB-ed doesn't take X as SUBJECT ????

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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   13 May 2013, 23:25
I still did not understand what is wrong with option C.

Is it that with requires a -ing form?

Experts please help!
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   14 Feb 2015, 14:03
plumber250 wrote:
Hi,

The key word as you have noticed is 'as', this is a close synonym for 'because'.

As is correct here because we are looking to link a statement

The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades

With an explanation for that statement (the rest of the question).

Neither 'with' nor 'while' are appropriate here. I could go into length as to their usage, but this sort of general question is better served via google.

All the best,

James


Hello

Can you please explain in detail what is wrong with 'with' in choice C.

Comma + with serves as an adverbial modifier. Is it correct here ?
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   05 Dec 2015, 03:42
iDisappear wrote:
The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as large, integrated
companies such as Bethlehem Steel once conducted operations from mining at one
end of the process to shipping at the other have greatly downsized, or in some cases
shut down altogether.
A. as large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel
B. as large, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that
C. with large, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that
D. while large, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that
E. and large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel



I rejected B because the comma after integrated companies is not justified. Large and integrated companies are modifiers of Benthelem Steel. There should be no comma after integrated companies, it is making the statement awkward. If we ignore the part between the commas then : as large such as Benthelem Steel is not making any sense.
please correct me here.
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   07 Dec 2015, 05:22
daagh wrote:
Radhika11
I am afraid you have missed out on the parsing of the sentence. ‘Large, integrated’ are co-ordinate adjectives that modify the noun ‘companies’. Since they both modify the same noun, rules allow their separation by a comma rather than being joined by the conjunction ‘and’. The comma there is not the comma that sets off inessential elements.

On the other hand, the phrase ‘, such as Bethlehem Steel,’ is a modifier that modifies large integrated companies as an example. As you know, examples are not critical mission carriers. So if you want to drop something, then you must drop the phrase ‘, such as Bethlehem Steel,’ and read further on.
B. as large, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that
B. (revised) as large, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that

You can see B makes sense now.



Thanks for your response. It utterly makes sense.

Can you please help me to clear one more doubt. I am always confused about usage of 'that'. If I am write 'that' can be used for singulars and not plurals. In the above question isn't companies Plural. Can you please correct me again ?

I know 'that' is correct above but please explain me when to use 'that' and when to use 'those'.

Thanks,
Radhika
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   14 Mar 2016, 09:14
I understand the subject is unclear on A, but I'm not sure I still understand the need for "that". Would B still be correct if "that" was removed as it would seem that "integrated companies" would still be the clear subject?
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   15 Mar 2016, 16:49
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Quote:
The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel once conducted operations from mining at one end of the process to shipping at the other have greatly downsized, or in some cases shut down altogether.


Reason why ‘that’ is required:

Let’s now split the sentence into the components.

1. The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades

2. as large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel once conducted operations from mining at one end of the process to shipping at the other ---subordinate clause one.
3. have greatly downsized, or in some cases shut down altogether. This clause is now dangling without proper conjugation with the subordinate clause.
Now we can see that the subject large integrated companies has two verbs namely, which is grammatically incorrect. This fault is fixed by turning the first subordinate clause into a relative noun and noun modifier, rendering ‘have ….” as the working verb for the subordinate clause. Without the 'that' , the subordinate clause will turn out to bea double - verbed fragment.
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   13 Jul 2017, 11:20
B. The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel that once conducted operations from mining at one end of the process to shipping at the other have greatly downsized, or in some cases shut down altogether.

Could someone clarify if bold phrase could qualify "such as Bethlehem Steel"? I am not sure if the phrase points to "such as Bethlehem Steel" or to "large, integrated companies".

Thanks in advance.
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   19 Oct 2018, 10:09
It took me like 10 re-reads but I think I see what the error in B is now as I was also torn between A & B. This article covers the uses of "that":

https://magoosh.com/gmat/2013/gmat-sent ... s-of-that/
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   12 Jun 2019, 10:30
I don't understand why there is a comma before "that" in correct answer choice. If "that" is to describe the company, Bethelehem Steel and that should not be exasperated by comma.

Appreciate your explanation very much!
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   30 Jun 2019, 22:22
I know lot of explanation has been provided already, but I am afraid I am not clear on why A is wrong and B is correct. Can someone please explain in detail. thanks in advance.
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   26 Dec 2021, 05:00
My justification for correct answer B.

The First IC is followed by , - now after comma is a long under line, so it can be

modifier issue or parallelism or structure issue.

Parallelism is ruled out. Structure is maintained by using such as to present an example- ( not necessarily correct as per GMAT new rules)

so the main issue remains is modifier issue.

simplifying the sentence , after comma can be followed by another IC connected by either (; ) or by using a Conjunction.
To see if it is an IC we need to identify the subject and the verb - The subject is -- large, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel,- followed by relative clause - that once conducted operations from mining at one end of the process to shipping at the other- and then the main verb - have greatly downsized -

Now to cross the subtle errors - check the Verb tense and SV agreement.
Note - If the verb was missing - using participle instead - eg having greatly downsized - then the option C would be correct as we are using a prepositional phrase instead of IC and preposition phrase cannot act as a subject and must not have a verb associated with it.
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   24 Sep 2022, 10:16
Dear Experts,

I have a question in (A)

"once" can act as conjunction.
it means as soon as; when.

"once the grapes were pressed, the juice was put into barrels"

then why (A) is incorrect?
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink] New post   09 Nov 2023, 06:23
I'm not able to understand why A is wrong and B is right. Further, why can't there be two verbs in a single clause?
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Re: The steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as [#permalink]
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