There can be nothing simpler than an elementary particle: it is an ind

1. The author organizes the passage by

Relevant Text from Passage:

P1 : One might expect commensurate simplicity in the theories that describe such particles and the forces through which they interact; at the least, one might expect the structure of the world to be explained with a minimum number of particles and forces >> Criteria

Matter is built out of just two elementary particles: the classes leptons, such as electrons, and the quarks, which make up protons, neutrons, and many related particles. Four basic forces act between the elementary particles. Gravitation and electromagnetism have long been familiar in the macroscopic world; the weak force and the strong force are observed only in subnuclear events. >>> Theory 1

P2:
An ambitious new theory now promises at least a partial unification along these lines. >> Theory 2

A) enumerating distinctions among several different kinds of elementary particles >> Partial Answer
B) stating a criterion for judging theories of nature, and using it to evaluate two theories >> Correct
C) explaining three methods of grouping particles and forces >> Out of Scope (No methods are described in the passage)
D) criticizing an inaccurate view of elemental nature and proposing an alternative approach >> Author did not criticize any theory
E) outlining an assumption about scientific verification, then criticizing the assumption >> No criticization


Q2: According to the passage, which of the following is true of quarks?

I. They are the elementary building blocks of neutrons. >>> P1, which said there are two classes and the second class is Quarks and these quarks make Neutrons. So I is true.
II. Scientists have described them as having no internal structure. >> All EP s do not have internal structures and this automatically means Quarks do not have too.
III. Some scientists group them with leptons in a single class of particles. >> According to Unified theory, Leptons and Quarks are clubbed to a single class.

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II only
D) II and III only
E) I, II, and III >>> Correct

3. It can be inferred that the author would be likely to consider a new theory of nature superior to present theories if it were to

The superior theory is the one with a fewer no of classes and forces than the currently available theories, according to criteria mentioned in P1. Only Choice C states this and hence the correct answer.

A) account for a larger number of macroscopic structures than present theories
B) reduce the four basic forces to two more fundamental, incompatible forces
C) propose a smaller number of fundamental particles and forces than current theories >> Correct
D) successfully account for the observable behavior of bodies due to gravity
E) hypothesize that protons but not neutrons are formed by combinations of more fundamental particles­