I don’t know why the GMAT thinks this is important, but there are a whole bunch of official SC questions that include words that could be either singular or plural: “
media” or “data” or “
deer” or
diabetes, just to name a few. The key is that the GMAT will always give you some hint about whether these nouns are singular or plural in the sentence.
With that in mind…
Quote:
A. Though being tiny, blind, and translucent, a recently discovered species of catfish lessens their vulnerability with thickened bones and armor plates on their sides.
Hopefully, the two uses of “their” jump off the page at you. Logically, “their” needs to refer back to a plural noun – in theory, “species of catfish.”
The trouble is, “species of catfish” is singular in this sentence. It’s pretty subtle, but the giveaway is the singular article “a”: “a… species of catfish” implies that we’re only talking about one species. So “their” is wrong.
Plus, the use of “being” is pretty goofy here. In general, it’s not cool to use “being” as a modifier – at the very least, it doesn’t seem to happen on the GMAT. And why would we say “though being tiny, blind, and translucent…” when we could just say “though tiny, blind, and translucent…”? The “being” serves no useful purpose.
So (A) is gone.
Quote:
B. Though tiny, blind, and translucent, a recently discovered species of catfish has thickened bones and armor plates on its sides that lessen its vulnerability.
Well, this fixes everything I complained about in (A). The opening modifier is succinct, and doesn’t have that silly use of “being” anymore. And now “its” refers logically back to the singular noun, “a… species of catfish.”
This looks good enough. Let’s keep (B).
Quote:
C. A recently discovered species of catfish has thickened bones and armor plates on its sides that lessen their vulnerability, though tiny, blind, and translucent.
The use of “their” in (C) is still a problem: “a… species of catfish” is singular, as described under answer choice (A).
Plus, the placement of that last modifier, “though tiny, blind, and translucent” is kind of odd. That modifier is right next to “their vulnerability”, and it doesn’t make sense to say that the “vulnerability” is tiny, blind, and translucent – it’s the species of catfish that has those characteristics.
So we have two pretty good reasons to ditch (C).
Quote:
D. Thickened bones and armor plates on their sides lessen the vulnerability of a recently discovered species of catfish that is tiny, blind, and translucent.
Once again, the pronoun “their” is a problem: “a recently discovered species of catfish” is still singular. See answer choice (A) for more on this issue.
So (D) is out.
Quote:
E. Tiny, blind, and translucent, thickened bones and armor plates on its sides lessen the vulnerability of a recently discovered species of catfish.
The pronoun is fine in (E), but now that opening modifier doesn't make sense: “tiny, blind, and translucent” seems to be describing “thickened bones and armor plates”, and that doesn’t make any sense. It’s the “species of catfish” that’s “tiny, blind, and translucent” – not the bones or armor plates.
So that wipes out (E), and we’re left with (B).
thank you for the detailed explanation.. can you pls explain the use of plural verb 'lessen' in option B?? does it refer to sides??