Eminent economists believe that among the most prominent signs of loom

Eminent economists believe that among the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments, defaulting loans and other delinquencies, reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels.

Before moving to the answer choices, let's understand the meaning of the sentence.
According to Eminent economists - most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are
1)high debt levels
2)reduction in tax revenues
3)decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels

This is a classic question of parallelism and hence all the things mentioned must be parallel.

A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
This choice is incorrect as it is not parallel.

B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
This choice is incorrect as it is not parallel.

C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
This choice is incorrect as it is not parallel.

D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
This choice is incorrect as it is not parallel.

E. reduction in tax revenues, and a decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
This choice is the correct answer.

Another way for POE is: Decrease of incorrect. A decrease in is correct since it is referring to rates.


The answer choice is E.

This is a parallelism question wherein all the parallel elements are noun forms
SPLIT : "reducing tax revenues" vs " reduction in tax revenues"
"reducing tax revenues" is wrong as it is not a noun phrase. Option A, B, C are out.
POE:
A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> Incorrect grammar
B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> comma missing before and. Also incorrect parallelism
C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> Incorrect grammar
E. reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels--> Perfect Parallelism and also grammatically correct

Option E is the answer

Meaning: economists believe that the most prominent signs of looming recession are {a list of things…}

First of all, the intent is that a "reduction in tax revs" or a reduction in tax collected is a sign, not "reducing tax revs" which means for instance, tax reform, etc… (this could be a good thing for the economy); so, (A,B,C) out.

Secondly, "decreasing of rates" is nonsense, the intent is that another sign is a "decrease in" or a fall in unemployment rates; so (D) out.

Answer (E).

This answer to this question is determined using the principle of parallelism.

Since ... high debts level..., must be in parallel with ...tax revenues... and ...unemployment rates...
Therefore "A", "B" and "C" are eliminated based on the fact they wrongly became parallel to ...defaulting loans... which is a modifier to ...high debts levels amid optimistic sentiments...

"D" and "E" used "reduction" which is in parallel to ...high debt levels... based on the same tenses.

"D" made the parallelism mistake by introducing the last part of the sentence with "decreasing"

Answer choice E is the correct answer

I noticed NO KUDOS YESTERDAY even with correct answer and explanation. It encourages when you give Kudos.

Thank you.

Using the POE to determine the correct answer:

Eminent economists believe that among the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments, defaulting loans and other delinquencies, reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels.

A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels - reducing tax revenue and decreasing of are not parallel to other items in the list which are noun phrases. Eliminate A
B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels - Same parallelism issue here as in A, decreases is both not parallel in its verb form to rest of the items in the list and also uses the present continuous verb form which is inappropriate for the sentence which is trying to enlist prominent signs of recessions. B is out.
C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels - Same parallelism issue as in B, i.e. reducing tax is not parallel to the remaining items in the list. C can go
D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels - decreasing of is somewhat wordy and awkward and also might raise parallelism issues. Lets lose D.
E. reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels - Perfect! All items on the list of major signs of recession are parallel to each other, decrease in is a better more succinct way of saying decreasing of as in option D. E is the best choice here.

Correct choice is E.

Eminent economists believe that among the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments, defaulting loans and other delinquencies, reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels.

A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates are not correctly parallel to the list. Incorrect

B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates are not correctly parallel to the list. Incorrect

C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates are not correctly parallel to the list. Incorrect

D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates are not correctly parallel to the list. Incorrect

E. reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates is an example of correct parallelism. Correct
Eminent economists believe that among the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments, defaulting loans and other delinquencies, reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels. is a correct sentence.


IMO E

Eminent economists believe that among the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments, defaulting loans and other delinquencies, reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels.

Simple sentence: among the signs are debt levels, reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates--> inverted sentence: debt levels, reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates are among the signs

A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> not parallel: need proper noun(debt levels), proper noun/complex gerund, & proper noun/complex gerund
B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> same as A
C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> same as A
D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> same as A
E. reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> correct

In this sentence correction (SC) question, we need to devote attention to the parallelism rule. Let us have a closer look at the options and identify which one is more relevant:
A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels - "reducing" and "decreasing" are not parallel to "high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments, defaulting loans and other delinquencies", thus this option is not the best suite Incorrect
B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels - Here, again, as in the previous option "reducing" is not parallel to the previous part of the sentence. In addition, "decreases" is a verb, which makes the sentence awkward. Incorrect
C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels - Here, as in both previous options, the word "reducing" is not in the parallel form to the first part of the sentence. Incorrect
D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels - Even though the correct form of the word "reduce" is used here, the word "decreasing" is not parallel to all previous part of the sentence. Incorrect
E. reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels - In this version of the sentence parallelism is adhered to, sentence is clean and concise. - Correct

Eminent economists believe that among the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments, defaulting loans and other delinquencies, reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels.
Meaning Analysis:


Error analysis:

A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels- Incorrect.There is a parallelism error in his sentence. Reducing is present participle. a noun form , reduction, would do the trick here. also the phrase decreasing of unemployment rates is incorrect.
B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels- . Incorrect.Same error as explained in A. Also, We cannot say decreases in rates. it should be decrease in rates.
C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels-Incorrect. Same error as explained in A about reducing.
D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels- Incorrect. The word reduction is parallel to the list however, as explained in choice A, decreasing of unemployment rates is incorrect.
E. reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels- Perfectly maintains the parallel structure, and correctly conveys the meaning of the sentence.

By analyzing the intended meaning,
(1) there are three signs, which are: high debts, reduction of tax revenues (not the tax by itself), decrease of unemployment rate (not the employment rate by itself)
(2) "high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments "caused "defaulting loans and other delinquencies"

split (1): reducing vs reduction:
using "reducing", a participial phrase parallel to "defaulting", incorrectly conveys that high debt levels leads to reduced tax revenues.
"reduction", as a noun, coveys the intended meaning my making it parallel to "debts" ---> A,B,C out
so (among the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are ...... reduction of tax (reducing tax)

split (2): decreasing vs decreases vs decrease:
decreases : completely wrong because it has no parallel antecedent or valid subject. --> B out
decreasing: participial phrase that repeats the mistake of "reducing" we mentioned above. --> A,D out
decrease: a noun that is correctly parallel to debts and reduction before it.

E

A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
Both parts are ing modifiers and as a whole, we get 3 ing modifiers, but per my understanding, we need something parallel to " high debt levels"
decrease "of" is incorrect and "in" is corrects, but I cant assure you about this

B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
not parallel at all, we have two ing modifiers in a row: defaulting loans and other delinquencies, reducing tax revenues, wrong
"decreases" is a verb for the singular noun, wrong

C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
we have two ing modifiers in a row: "defaulting loans and other delinquencies, reducing tax revenues" wrong

D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
decreasing is an ing modifier and is used incorrectly with "and"
"reduction in tax revenues" is parallel to " high debt levels" but not connected properly with conjuction

E. reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
We have got a list:
" high debt levels"
"reduction in tax revenues"
"decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels"
connected with "and"

IMO
Ans: E

Eminent economists believe that among the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments, defaulting loans and other delinquencies, reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels.

A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels. Incorrect. There is a parallelism error in reducing tax revenue and decreasing of unemployement.Reducing here is in present continuous which is wrong. Also "decreasing of" is wrong.

B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels.Incorrect.Same error as in A.Also " decreases in" is wrong usage.
C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels. Incorrect. Usage of" reducing" is wrong

D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels. Incorrect . "Decreasing of " is wrong usage.

E. reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels.Correct.No parallelism error between reduction and decrease. Usage of decrease in is correct.

This sentence describes some of the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy: (1) high debt levels, (2) loans and other delinquencies, (3) reduction in tax revenues, and (4) decrease in unemployment rates.
The non-underlined portion features the first two items in the list ("high debt levels..." and "defaulting loans and other delinquencies"), both of which are nouns.

A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
High debt levels, defaulting loans and delinquencies, reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates are not parallel. Though the "-ing" words could be modifiers or nouns (also known as gerunds), there is no clear indication that reducing tax revenues and decreasing of unemployment rates are nouns. If the reducing of tax revenues and the decreasing of unemployment rates are used, then these are parallel nouns, though wordy.

B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
Similar parallelism issue as in (A). There is no clear indication that reducing tax revenues is a noun. If either the reducing of tax revenues or reduction in tax revenues is used, then this is a parallel noun.

C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
Same parallelism issue as in (B). There is no clear indication that reducing tax revenues is a noun. If either the reducing of tax revenues or reduction in tax revenues is used, then this is a parallel noun.

D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
Similar parallelism issue as in (A). There is no clear indication that decreasing of unemployment rates is a noun. If either decrease in unemployment rates or the decreasing of unemployment rates is used, then this is a parallel noun.

E. reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
CORRECT ANSWER. High debt levels, defaulting loans and delinquencies, reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates are parallel. They are all presented in clear and concise manner.


Answer is (E)

Eminent economists believe that among the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments, defaulting loans and other delinquencies, reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels.

The answer must be parallel with high debt levels and defaulting loans.

A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels -Reducing is a verb phrase, so it is not parallel with previous noun phrases
B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels -Reducing is a verb phrase, so it is not parallel with previous noun phrases
C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels -Reducing is a verb phrase, so it is not parallel with previous noun phrases
D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels - Reduction is OK, but decreasing is incorrect
E. reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels -Reduction and decrease, are parallel with previous entities

So (E) is our answer

Eminent economists believe that among the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments, defaulting loans and other delinquencies, reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels.

In the sentence, 'defaulting loans and other delinquencies' is modifying 'high debt levels...'.
By removing the fluff, we have ....signs...are high debt levels..., reducing tax revenues, and decreasing ...
clearly these are not maintaining parallelism.

A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> reducing and decreasing not in parallel with high. Incorrect.
B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> reducing and decreases not in parallel with high. Incorrect.
C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> reducing not in parallel with high and decrease. Incorrect.
D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> decreasing not in parallel with high and reduction. Incorrect.
E. reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> reduction and decrease in parallel with high. Correct.

Answer Choice: E

Eminent economists believe that among the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments, defaulting loans and other delinquencies, reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels.

A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> Wrong. Parallelism Error. reducing and decreasing are not parallel with other noun forms used in the sentence.

B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> Wrong. Parallelism Error. reducing is not parallel with other noun forms used in the sentence.

C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> Wrong. Parallelism Error. reducing and decreasing are not parallel with other noun forms used in the sentence.

D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> Wrong. Parallelism Error. decreasing is not parallel with other noun forms used in the sentence.

E. reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels --> Correct. reduction and decrease are the correct nounce forms parallel to the other noun forms as used in the sentence.

Eminent economists believe that among the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments, defaulting loans and other delinquencies, reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels.

Meaning:

1. Eminent economists believe
2. That among the most prominent signs of looming recession for an economy are:
________1) high debt levels amid optimistic sentiments,
________2) defaulting loans and other delinquencies,
________3) reducing tax revenues,
________4) decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels.

Errors:

Quite tough question, I would say +700

To get meaning correct gives us a change to answer correctly.
On the meaning analysis I haven't delve into 'reducing/reduction' and 'decrease/decreasing' difference.
Once you've read original sentence, 'reducing' seems quite acceptable here, but 'decreasing of' is awful.
This question is not exactly testing the idiom usage here, and idioms are not always taken as decision point, so let's go for POE to examine the splits

POE:

First split between 'reducing' and 'reduction':

'reducing' - that causes reduction (acts as a verb and as an adjective)
'reduction' - the act, process, or result of reducing (acts as a noun)

So as a prominent sign of economic recession 'reduction' - are better suitable as result of reducing process of taxes.
(A), (B), and (C) can be eliminated.

Second split between 'decreasing of' and 'decrease in':

From idiom stand point, 'of' and 'in' can be correct depending on the context:
Sales were $640 million for the quarter, a decrease of 11%.
I haven’t noticed any decrease in ticket sales.

But generally when we want to say the process of growing progressively less we use 'decrease in'
So (A) and (D) can be eliminated.

(B) is out because of wrong parallel list, we need 'comma' before the last 'and'

So we left with (E) as a correct answer.
List of 4 noun entities are properly connected, adjectives modifying first two entities can be ellipsed for sake of identifying the core // list.

A. reducing tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
B. reducing tax revenues and decreases in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
C. reducing tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels
D. reduction in tax revenues, and decreasing of unemployment rates to extraordinary levels

E. reduction in tax revenues, and decrease in unemployment rates to extraordinary levels


E is the answer.