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Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis

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sdas
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Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  Updated on: 21 Jul 2021, 07:21
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Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood


A. many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

B. many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood

C. phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion

D. phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion

E. many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
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Originally posted by sdas on 19 Mar 2013, 00:51.
Last edited by Bunuel on 21 Jul 2021, 07:21, edited 3 times in total.
Edited the question.
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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  19 Mar 2013, 01:34
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B. many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
scientists belived ... its properties were not understood. Illogical
C. phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
what does which refer to?
D. phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
avoid passive
E, many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A is more clear...

IMO A
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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  19 Mar 2013, 23:02
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I am not clear why E is wrong. It used the Past Perfect tense as used in A. Is it because it used a Passive voice that it has been not given preference over A. Can someone please explain?
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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  20 Mar 2013, 03:43
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surya167 wrote:
I am not clear why E is wrong. It used the Past Perfect tense as used in A. Is it because it used a Passive voice that it has been not given preference over A. Can someone please explain?


You should always avoid passive in SC.
Another problem with E, I would say, is that is not perfectly clear.

Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.

"was an imaginary substance" doesn't sound good...

"many scientists had believed that"(..)"and was an imaginary substance" is not clear: many scientists belived it was an imaginary substance OR phlogiston was an imaginary substance (regardless of the scientists' opinion)?

In A the use of the comma creates a better structure:
many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance (the phlogiston) whose properties were not fully understood
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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  20 Mar 2013, 10:02
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surya167 wrote:
I am not clear why E is wrong. It used the Past Perfect tense as used in A. Is it because it used a Passive voice that it has been not given preference over A. Can someone please explain?


Hi, Choice E distorts the intended meaning of the original sentence completely.
Scientists had.....x and......y showing 2 beliefs but in reality scientists had only one belief and the later (as shown in choice E), is a general fact stated about the chemical.

Also, please note "passive voice answers are wrong" is a misconception and farce in GMAT. Please read through threads carefully. You can never ignore an answer choice because it is in passive voice, unless it has grammatical errors. Note passive voice is no form grammar issue.

Hope this helps :-D
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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  22 Mar 2013, 15:21
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sdas wrote:
Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

A. ....
B. many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C. phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D. phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E, many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.

Request discussion, OA to be revealed later

C and D are out because in both cases whose modifies "imaginary substance" which is incorrect, it must modify pholo...
B has pronoun ambiguity...its refer to "imaginary substance", its must refer to pholo...
E passive voice......

Answer is A

Consider Kudos If my post helps!!!

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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  19 Aug 2017, 01:37
sdas wrote:
Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

A. ....
B. many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C. phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D. phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E, many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.

Request discussion, OA to be revealed later


I was able to choose correct answer (A) by the POE, but do we really nee "had" as mentioned in the part of the sentence (had believed that combustion)?
Use of "Until" clearly indicates that what many scientists believe was the action before the action of "Tammy Howard proved otherwise".

Experts, please help.
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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  22 Aug 2017, 10:43
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Jabjagotabhisavera wrote:

I was able to choose correct answer (A) by the POE, but do we really nee "had" as mentioned in the part of the sentence (had believed that combustion)?
Use of "Until" clearly indicates that what many scientists believe was the action before the action of "Tammy Howard proved otherwise".

Experts, please help.


Hi Jabjagotabhisavera ,

GMAT says ideally its not preferable to show the sequencing when we already have words such as until, after, before, etc. But in case we don't have any option that is correct without this case, then this case is acceptable.

Does that make sense?
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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  24 Dec 2017, 12:19
can anyone explain why B is wrong ? it because of placement of *IT* after and makes the sentence confusing? otherwise please give reason.
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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  30 Jul 2018, 10:01
AjiteshArun , MagooshExpert

Shouldn't the main clause start with "phlogiston" as the subordinate clause "Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century" should modify "phlogiston" instead of "many scientists"??

That was the reason why I eliminated A,B, and E on;y to arrive at the wrong choice?
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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  30 Jul 2018, 11:38
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Sarath wrote

Quote:
can anyone explain why B is wrong ? it because of placement of *IT* after and makes the sentence confusing? otherwise please give reason.


many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

B. many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood

B changes the meaning. The scientists' belief was about the release of phlogiston by combustion and not about phlogiston being an imaginary substance.
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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  30 Jul 2018, 15:41
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Prateek176 wrote:
AjiteshArun , MagooshExpert

Shouldn't the main clause start with "phlogiston" as the subordinate clause "Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century" should modify "phlogiston" instead of "many scientists"??

That was the reason why I eliminated A,B, and E on;y to arrive at the wrong choice?

Hi Prateek176!

There's no reason that the main clause should start with "phlogiston". The idea here is that scientists held a particular belief until Tammy Howard proved that belief wrong. The main clause should be talking about what the scientists believed, and so the subject should be "many scientists". There is no action associated with "phlogiston" here, so it should not be the subject of the clause.

Hope that helps! :-)
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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  13 Aug 2018, 08:59
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MagooshExpert wrote:
Prateek176 wrote:
AjiteshArun , MagooshExpert

Shouldn't the main clause start with "phlogiston" as the subordinate clause "Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century" should modify "phlogiston" instead of "many scientists"??

That was the reason why I eliminated A,B, and E on;y to arrive at the wrong choice?

Hi Prateek176!

There's no reason that the main clause should start with "phlogiston". The idea here is that scientists held a particular belief until Tammy Howard proved that belief wrong. The main clause should be talking about what the scientists believed, and so the subject should be "many scientists". There is no action associated with "phlogiston" here, so it should not be the subject of the clause.

Hope that helps! :-)
-Carolyn



MagooshExpert , daagh

Sorry but i am not fully convinced.

The opening Modifier is "Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century,". This modifier modifies "Phlogiston was believed.......". Doesn't this construction show the belief which was contradicted by Tommy Howard??
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Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  13 Aug 2018, 13:31
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Prateek176 wrote:
MagooshExpert wrote:
Prateek176 wrote:
Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

A. many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully undeB.ood
B . many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C. phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D. phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E, many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.


AjiteshArun , MagooshExpert

Shouldn't the main clause start with "phlogiston" as the subordinate clause "Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century" should modify "phlogiston" instead of "many scientists"??

That was the reason why I eliminated A,B, and E on;y to arrive at the wrong choice?

Hi Prateek176!

There's no reason that the main clause should start with "phlogiston". The idea here is that scientists held a particular belief until Tammy Howard proved that belief wrong. The main clause should be talking about what the scientists believed, and so the subject should be "many scientists". There is no action associated with "phlogiston" here, so it should not be the subject of the clause.

Hope that helps! :-)
-Carolyn



MagooshExpert , daagh

Sorry but i am not fully convinced.

The opening Modifier is "Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century,". This modifier modifies "Phlogiston was believed.......". Doesn't this construction show the belief which was contradicted by Tommy Howard??


Prateek

The difference between a subordinate clause and a modifier should be appreciated first. While an introductory modifier phrase has to necessarily modify its due noun that it is entitled to, the introductory subordinate clause is under no such obligation. Look at the analysis herein.


A. Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
If choice A were to start with a modifier, then your point would hold good. --Until Tammy Howard's proof otherwise, in the 18th century, phlogiston was believed to have been released by combustion and so on. However, one can see the convoluted structure such a sentence with a passive voice, etc. There is not even a pronoun such as 'it' to refer to the phlogiston in the subordinate clause. Therefore, 'many scientists' is better than phlogiston to start the main clause.

2. B changes the meaning that Phlogiston was believed to be an imaginary substance. The scientists only believed that combustion released phlogiston.

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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  09 May 2023, 13:22
Hi Experts
I have doubt in option B
It uses simple past tense which according to me is correct as in sentence there is time indicating word 'Until'. I am not able to understand why this option is incorrect. Is it because of possessive pronoun 'its' referring back to singular noun.
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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink] New post  09 May 2023, 23:02
Can we use 'whose' for a substance & all but B doesn't use 'whose' in its structure, and that's why I chose B as correct answer.

Can anyone please explain this?

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Re: Until Tammy Howard proved otherwise in the 18th century, many scientis [#permalink]
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