Hey All,
I was asked by PM to weigh in on this one, though sid has already hit some important points. Here we go.
With surface temperatures
estimated at minus 230 degrees Farenheit, Jupiter's moon
Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with 60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom.
I'd start by saying that generally GMAT prefers the idiom "
estimate to be", rather than "
estimate at", even though it's not underlined.
Quote:
(A) Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with
Sid hit this just right. If we use "and", we're setting up parallel clauses, so we'd need some new verb to make it work.
Quote:
(B) Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its
The term Sid was looking for is "participial phrase". "thought" is a past participle, meaning it opens up a modifying clauses, in this case modifying "its 60 square miles of water".
Quote:
(C) Europa has long been considered as far too cold to support life and has
"
Considered as" is wrong, and even though this creates a parallel AND adds a verb, it's still clunky. We want a modifier because we're creating an example of how it's too cold to support life (it's water is frozen all the way through), not making a new point.
Quote:
(D) Europa, long considered as far too cold to support life, and its
'Considered as' is wrong. This also makes the same mistake as answer choice A. In addition, as Sid said, it has no main verb after "Europa", because considered here is a participle (like "thought" later on), which is not a full verb.
Quote:
(E) Europa, long considered to be far too cold to support life, and to have
Sid nailed it. We have the participle "considered" again, and "to have" is just an infinitive riffing off of "considered", like "to be" in the middle portion. With no main verb in the whole sentence, it can't work.
Well done, Sid, and I hope I cleared up any lingering questions.
Thank you Tommy. To me it was difficult to identify that we were facing a modifier problem. the ", its 60 square..." looked like a run on sentence and I thought this choice was a wrong option. As a take away I need to invest some time whenever I see an "and" in a sentence and try to ID what parallel structure the answer is suggesting. If I did not find a clear parallelism maybe I am facing a modifier problem.