With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of virus

With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.

A. With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold. -----> the decrease in immunity of the body is not as a result of increase of viruses. INCORRECT
B. The rains and sudden dip in temperature increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold. ----> Subject verb agreement error. The rains and sudden dip (subject) is plural; However the verb associated with plural subject (increases) is singular. INCORRECT
C. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold, increasing the circulation of viruses. ----> here the verb-ing modifier (, increasing the circulation....) is incorrectly modifying the previous clause. Increasing the circulation of viruses is not result of " increases the cases of fever...." INCORRECT
D. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold. ---> CORRECT. The SV pair make sense. Also , + verb-ing modifier ",increasing the cases ....." correctly modifies the preceding action clauses.
E. The rains and sudden dip in temperature causes increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing circulation of viruses.----> SV pair error. "The rains and sudden dip..." is plural subject and hence the working verb must be cause and not "causes."

Think D is the answer.

With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.

A. With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.
"With the rains and sudden dip in temperature" seems to modify the circulation of viruses which does not seem right
B. The rains and sudden dip in temperature increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold.
" rains and sudden dip " is plural and so should have a plural verb increase
C. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold, increasing the circulation of viruses.
The rains and sudden dip in temperature would cause increase in the circulation of virus and this in turn decreases immunity of the body. So meaning of the sentnece is incorrect.
D. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.
Correct. All errors seem to be rectified here.
E. The rains and sudden dip in temperature causes increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing circulation of viruses.
" rains and sudden dip " is plural and so should have a plural verb cause

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IMO D

With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.

A. With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold; construction of sentence is wrong
B. The rains and sudden dip in temperature increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold. ; The rains and sudden dip in temperature is plural so increases verb is wrong
C. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold, increasing the circulation of viruses. wrong construction
D. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold. correct ; increase verb is correct with plural
E. The rains and sudden dip in temperature causes increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing circulation of viruses.The rains and sudden dip in temperature is plural so causes verb is wrong

the choices introduces several scenarios, but only one is logic:
rain + sudden low temperature --> increase virus circulation + reduce immunity ---> increase cases of fever & cough

A. With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.
it seems a good contender but there are several subtle alterations in meaning,
(1) "With" can only be used to modify the doer of the action. "circulation" is not the doer of its increase, but the "increased circulation" is the result of the "rains and sudden dip in temperature".
(2) "decreasing", a participial phrase modifying the preceding clause, means that the circulation of virus decreases the immunity, showing an irrelevant cause-effect relationship.

B. The rains and sudden dip in temperature increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold.
increases/decreases: clear SV agreement flaw.
meaning problem: The rains and sudden dip in temperature ... increase the cases of fever and cough and cold? rain and low temperature don't cause fever and cough by themselves, but the viral infection to low immunity body.

C. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold, increasing the circulation of viruses.
increases: clear SV agreement flaw.
increasing the circulation of viruses: a meaning flaw, as low immunity and increased cold and cough can't be the reason for increased viral circulation (reversed logic)

D. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.
correct, representing the logical cause effect mentioned at the beginning of the explanation, and show correct parallelism and SV agreement

E. The rains and sudden dip in temperature causes increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing circulation of viruses.
causes: clear SV agreement flaw.
meaning problem: the same reversed logic discussed in C

D is the one

A. With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.-----V-ing modifier doesnt make sense with previous clause. As per structure, circulation of virus is causing increase in fever but actually statement wants to convey that rains & sudden dip in temp. cause...
B. The rains and sudden dip in temperature increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold.-----------SV Error, Plural Verb "Increase" for Plural subject-the rains and sudden dip in temperature.
C. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold, increasing the circulation of viruses.---------SV Error Plural Verb "Increase" for Plural subject-the rains and sudden dip in temperature
D. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.-- correct. SV Agreement Ok.. V-ing modifier make sense with the subject...i.e The rains and sudden dip in temperature increase the case of....... Cause and effect relationship of v-ing modifier.
E. The rains and sudden dip in temperature causes increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing circulation of viruses.--- SV Error

IMO D

With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.

A. With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold. - the circulation of the viruses does not decrease immunity or increase cases of fever directly, the rains and dip in temp do
B. The rains and sudden dip in temperature increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold. - rains and dip in temp should be plural
C. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold, increasing the circulation of viruses. - increases should be plural increase
D. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold. - Correct
E. The rains and sudden dip in temperature causes increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing circulation of viruses. - causes should be cause

With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.

A. With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold. --> "decreasing immunity of the body" can't be result of "the circulation of viruses increases" --> doesn't make sense
B. The rains and sudden dip in temperature increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold. --> "The rains and sudden dip" can't do the "increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity & increases the cases", they are causally related
C. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold, increasing the circulation of viruses. " increasing the cases of fever" is a result of "increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body" >> " increase the cases of fever" and "decrease in the immunity of the body" aren't parallel
D. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold. --> correct: " increasing the cases of fever" is a result of "increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body"
E. The rains and sudden dip in temperature causes increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing circulation of viruses. --> "The rains and sudden dip in temp" is plural

A. With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold. - incorrect
B. The rains and sudden dip in temperature increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold. incorrect
C. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold, increasing the circulation of viruses. incorrect
D. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold. - correct (The rains and sudden dip cause the increase... and decrease)
E. The rains and sudden dip in temperature causes increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing circulation of viruses. - incorrect

My answer is (D). We use present participle to indicate the end results of the actions previously listed. But what are the actions and what their results?

The sentence mentions the following phenomena:
(1) The rains and sudden dip in temperature
(2) Increase in the circulation of viruses
(3) Decrease in the immunity of the body
(4) Increase in the cases of fever and cough and cold.

BTW, I do not like the construct of "fever and cough and cold" as it uses too many and's. But there is no split for it.

So, I believe the most logic sequence is that
(1) --> (2) and (3) --> (4)
BUT, why can't
(1) --> (2) --> (3) and or --> (4)?
We are no expert in medical field. We do not know if (3) is direct result of (1), or (2). For some people (well, I assume we are talking about the fever and cough and cold of human beings), (1) might cause increase in the immunity briefly, with or without (2).

So, this questions gets me thinking...

But (D) makes most sense, I finally decided.

Correct answer is D.
Answer choice D correctly combines the two effects (increase in circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body) of the cause (the rains and sudden dip in temperature) in a parallel structure.
Also uses the correct S-V pair, increase and decrease, for the compound subject Rains and sudden dip in temperature.

A prepositional phrase in the beginning of a sentence will modify the subject and the verb of the sentence, as any other adverbial modifier does. Here with the rains and sudden dip in temperature explains how the circulation of viruses increases. In other words, rains and temperature drop facilitate the increase of the virus circulation.

Another adverbial modifier at the end of the sentence decreasing immunity... and increasing the cases... will modify the closest verb and its subject in the preceding sentence. In other words, the increase in virus circulation results in the decrease of immunity and the increase of some cases.

Original meaning: rains and temperature drop leads to increased virus circulation -> increased virus circulation leads to the decrease of immunity and the increase of some cases. A has no any error. I will keep it.



The most blatant error is the subject-verb disagreement. The rains and sudden dip in temperature is a compound noun and thus should be followed by a plural verb increase. Additionally, B changes the original meaning, erroneously suggesting that rains and temperature drop resulted in the decreased immunity, while originally that’s the increased virus circulation what caused decreased immunity.



The most blatant error is the subject-verb disagreement. The rains and sudden dip in temperature is a compound noun and thus should be followed by a plural verb increase. Again, the original meaning is changed. The rains and sudden dip in temperature don’t increase the cases of fever and cough and cold.
Cause decrease is less concise than decrease.



Cause increase is less concise than increase. Again, the original meaning is changed. The rains and sudden dip in temperature don’t cause decrease in the immunity of the body.



The most blatant error is the subject-verb disagreement. Cause increase is less concise than increase. Again, the original meaning is changed. The rains and sudden dip in temperature don’t cause increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough.

Hence A

Rule: Cause and Effect (One action leading to other), Agreement

A. With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold. - Increase
B. The rains and sudden dip in temperature increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold
C. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold, increasing the circulation of viruses
D. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold. - Agreement (Plural) & Cause & Effect in place - Correct
E. The rains and sudden dip in temperature causes increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing circulation of viruses.

IMO Option D

This question has a split in logics.
Logically, rains and sudden dip in temperature leads to two things:
1) increase in circulation of viruses
2) decrease in immunity
The above two in turn lead to increase in cases of fever, cold and cough.

The only option that captures this logic is option D.

With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.

A. With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.
B. The rains and sudden dip in temperature increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold.
C. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold, increasing the circulation of viruses.
D. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.
E. The rains and sudden dip in temperature causes increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing circulation of viruses.

This question is best tackled with a meaning-based approach.
Let's first understand what the question statement is trying to tell us.
With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.

Sage advice: whenever there is a ",ing" in a sentence, your first motive should be to check it thoroughly.
What this sentence is trying to say is - Increase the circulation of viruses causes - decrease in the immunity of the body and increase in the cases of fever and cough and cold. WAIT! that doesn't make sense. How can increase in no. of viruses cause your immunity to decrease??
SO now we have found our ERROR.
Also, if you look closely, you will see that there is a subject-verb agreement error too.
the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases
More apparent now?
RAINS AND sudden dip in temp is plural as opposed to the singular INCREASES.

Now, at this point of time you can go ahead with either error and start POE. I personally would like to go with the meaning approach in this question since the big meaning difference.

[A] as discussed above.

(B). I found the meaning to be fine, so had to use the second error to eliminate this one.
The rains and sudden dip in temperature [/b]increases[/b] the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold. - Should be INCREASE.

[C] This statement implies that the increase in the circulation of virjus is due to decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold. COMPLETELY WRONG

[D] CORRECT. Implies The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body which leads to an increase the cases of fever and cough and cold. PERFECT

[E] exactly the inverse of [A]. The decrease in immunity leads to increase in no. of virus. WRONG!


Just take it slow and let it flow

A. With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.-wrong meaning should be decrease in immunity causes fever and cough
B. The rains and sudden dip in temperature increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold. wrong plural noun should have plural verb increase
C. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold, increasing the circulation of viruses.wrongChange in meaning
D. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.correct
E. The rains and sudden dip in temperature causes increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing circulation of viruses.wrongcauses should be pluarl

With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.

A. With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.-incorrect - error due to parallelism
Increase in virus circulation ,decrease in immunity and increase in cases of fever should be parallel

B. The rains and sudden dip in temperature increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold.-parallelism error is corrected here - but the meaning inferred in the original sentence --> with the rain and temp dip -Incorrect

C. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold, increasing the circulation of viruses.- Incorrect ,here the cause and effect scenario is not correct
D. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.-Correct , the cause effect scenario is correct -->cause - increase in virus and decrease in immunity , effect - increase in cases of fever.
E. The rains and sudden dip in temperature causes increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing circulation of viruses.- cause and effect scenario is not correct , changes the meaning

With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.

A. With the rains and sudden dip in temperature, the circulation of viruses increases, decreasing immunity of the body and increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold. : circulation of viruses doesn't cause decreasing immunity

B. The rains and sudden dip in temperature increases the circulation of viruses, decreases immunity of the body, and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold. : subject verb error : rain and sudden dip 2 nouns

C. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause decrease in immunity of the body and increases the cases of fever and cough and cold, increasing the circulation of viruses. : not parallel and SV error

D. The rains and sudden dip in temperature cause increase in the circulation of viruses and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing the cases of fever and cough and cold.

E. The rains and sudden dip in temperature [color=#ff0000]causes increase in the cases of fever and cold and cough and decrease in the immunity of the body, increasing circulation of viruses.[/color] :subject verb error : rain and sudden dip 2 nouns