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Re: Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
Hey Plengg, when you use the word "pitted" in the context that you have described, it means that child labour legislation put women of different classes on a confrontational course against each other.
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Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
Hi, while I agree 3 A is accurate, I thought 3E was legitimate also. The traditional view of child labor reform is infereabble from the underline below specifically

The inference from the underline (i thought) can be made as such

BEFORE these recent observations were made, the older (i.e. traditional view) on behalf of the historical community was THAT that all women had the same view regarding OUTLAWING child marriage specifically.

Once these recent observations became public, the traditional view about what women thought about OUTLAWING child marraige changed.

Thus, the author mentions the observation of these women historians to point out ...actually there was a TRADITIONAL VIEW and a NEW VIEW

3E i thought captured that

Quote:
Ironically, though, child labor legislation pitted women of different classes against one another. To the reformers, child labor and industrial home work were equally inhumane practices that should be outlawed, but, as a number of women historians have recently observed, working-class mothers did not always share this view. Given the precarious finances of working-class families and the necessity of pooling the wages of as many family members as possible, working-class families viewed the passage and enforcement of stringent child labor statutes as a personal economic disaster and made strenuous efforts to circumvent child labor laws.
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Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
Addendum to my own thinking : Well, even if the following was the traditional view on behalf of this historical community : ALL WOMEN were on the same page regarding OUTLAWING child labor

I don't think -- the new historians per the underline -- mention something that presents in a contradiction WITHIN (INHERENT) the TRADITIONAL view specifically.

There is no contradiction WITHIN the traditional view specifically.

The underline presents a contradiction FROM the traditional view (the underline DOES NOT present a contradiction WITHIN the traditional view)
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Re: Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
GMATNinja wrote:
mzaid wrote:
Can someone please explain the Q3, as the OA is A, But it is quite opposite to the one stated in previous line.

Quote:
3. The author of the passage mentions the observations of women historians (the highlight text)[women historians have recently observed] most probably in order to

A provide support for an assertion made in the preceding sentence
B raise a question that is answered in the last sentence of the passage
C introduce an opinion that challenges a statement made in the first sentence of the passage
D offer an alternative view to the one attributed in the passage to working-class mothers
E point out a contradiction inherent in the traditional view of child labor reform as it is presented in the passage

Notice that choice (A) refers to the preceding sentence, not the preceding line!

The preceding sentence is, "Ironically, though, child labor legislation pitted women of different classes against one another." The observations of women historians -- described in the subsequent sentence ("To the reformers... share this view.") -- support that statement.



Is 10 mins a good time to solve such passages? Took me 4 mins to read and take notes & less than 6 mins to answer all question. Not able to reduce the reading time.
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Re: Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
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Official Explanation


1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

Difficulty Level: Medium

Explanation

Main idea

Understanding the author's purpose comes only from reflecting on the passage as a whole. The beginning of the passage notes the success of middle-class women reformers in improving working conditions for women and children. The middle discusses the position of workingclass mothers, who were more concerned with the economic survival of their families than with labor reform and consequently tried to circumvent the laws. The close of the passage observes that, although middle-class reformers were right to point out exploitation of children, they failed to understand the economic plight of working-class families, who needed the income earned by every possible member. The purpose of this passage is to show the failure of middle-class reformers to understand the economic position of working-class families.

A. Lines 6-10 emphasize the victories of the reformers.

B. The passage discusses the effects, rather than the origins, of child labor laws.

C. Living conditions of middle-class and working-class women are not compared.

D. Correct. As is made clear, especially in the final sentence of the passage, women reformers filed to understand the economic needs of working-class families.

E. A traditional view is not compared with a newer, revised view of the reformers.

The correct answer is D.
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Re: Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
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Official Explanation


2. The view mentioned in the highlighted text of the passage refers to which of the following?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Explanation

Inference

To find what this appearance of view refers to, it is necessary to look back to the beginning of the sentence. This view, not shared by working-class mothers, refers to the reformer's conviction that child labor and industrial homework were equally inhumane practices that should be outlawed.

A. This view must refer back to a point already stated; resistance to child labor laws is not discussed until the following sentence.

B. Correct. This view refers to the position of reformers stated earlier in the same sentence: that child labor and industrial home wor. .. should be outlawed.

C. This view must refer back to a point already stated; the reformer's belief that resistance to child labor laws was due to poor parenting is discussed later in the passage.

D. A number of women historians have said that working-class mothers did not always share the view of middle-class women reformers about child labor.

E. This view must refer back to a point already stated; the fears of working-class families are examined in the following sentence.

The correct answer is B.
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Re: Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
Expert Reply
Official Explanation


3. The author of the passage mentions the observations of women historians (the highlight text)[women historians have recently observed] most probably in order to

Difficulty Level: Very Hard

Explanation

Evaluation

In lines 10-12, the author asserts that child labor laws pitted women of different classes against one another. The view of the middle-class women reformers is stated, and then, to show that working-class mothers did not hold the same opinion, the author turns to the recent work of women historians to support this statement.

A. Correct. The author uses the recent work of women historians to support the statement that women of different social classes were pitted against one another.

B. The women historians have recently observed; the verb observed introduces a statement rather than a question.

C. The reference to women historians has to do with working-class mothers; it does not challenge women's activism and role in social reform.

D. The passage supports what the women historians say about working-class mothers.

E. The author does not define or present the traditional view of child labor reform, nor is any inherent contradiction pointed out.

The correct answer is A.
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Re: Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
Expert Reply
Official Explanation


4. The passage suggests that which of the following was a reason for the difference of opinion between working class mothers and women reformers on the issue of child labor?

Difficulty Level: Easy

Explanation

Inference

The question's use of the word suggests means that the answer depends on making an inference. Lines 12-23 examine the different views of middle-class reformers and working-class mothers on child labor laws. While the reformers saw child labor as an inhumane practice that should be outlawed, working-class mothers understood the necessity of pooling the wages of as manyfamil members as possible and viewed child labor legislation as a personal economic disaster.

A. Lines 12-14 show that reformers regarded both kinds of work as equally inhumane practices that should be outlawed.

B. Pay is not specifically discussed in the passage.

C. Lines 24-27 indicate that the reformers believed working-class resistance to child labor laws was a sign of poor parenting, but nothing is said about the working-class response to this view.

D. Lines 12-17 say that the reformers held this position, but working-class mothers did not always share this view.

E. Correct. Lines 17-23 explain that working-class families needed the wages as many family members as possible.

The correct answer is E.
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Re: Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
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Official Explanation


5. The author of the passage asserts which of the following about women reformers who tried to abolish child labor?

Difficulty Level: Easy

Explanation

Supporting ideas

This question is based on information explicitly stated in the final sentence of the passage. Women reformers viewed child labor as a terrible exploitative practice but they failed to take into account fo the economic needs of working-class families.

A. The passage does not say that reformers tried to enlist working-class mothers in progressive causes.

B. No evidence is offered to support such a statement.

C Correct. The final sentence makes clear that the reformers recognized child labor as exploitative but did not understand the economic needs of working-class families.

D. The reformers activities involved promoting legislation; there is no evidence in the passage that the reformers themselves attempted to enforce these laws.

E. Lines 6-10 show that the reformers improved working conditions for women and children, despite their disenfranchisement.

The correct answer is C.
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Re: Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
Expert Reply
Official Explanation


6. According to the passage, one of the most striking achievements of white middle-class women reformers during the progressive Era was

Difficulty Level: Easy

Explanation

Supporting ideas

The question's use of the phrase according to the passage indicates that the answer can be found through careful reading of the passage. Tis question is based on infrmation explicitly stated in lines 7-10, which state that white mid-class women reformers won a variety of victories, notably in the improved working conditions, especially for women and children.

A. Lines 6-7 show that women already had the right to vote in school elections.

B. Lines 20-24 show that working-class fmilies tried to circumvent child labor laws.

C. Lines 11-12 say that one product of grassroots activism, child labor legislation, pitted women different classes against one another.

D. Lines 31-32 say that the reformers failed to take into account the economic needs of working class families.

E Correct. The passage states that reformers improved the working conditions of women and children.

The correct answer is E.
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Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
Hi, mikemcgarry
For question 3 I choose E and for Q 5 I choose B so can you please explain y both of them are wrong?
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Re: Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
dear experts: avigutman, AndrewN,MartyTargetTestPrep , RonTargetTestPrep

Quote:
3. The author of the passage mentions the observations of women historians (the highlight text)[women historians have recently observed] most probably in order to

A provide support for an assertion made in the preceding sentence
B raise a question that is answered in the last sentence of the passage
C introduce an opinion that challenges a statement made in the first sentence of the passage
D offer an alternative view to the one attributed in the passage to working-class mothers
E point out a contradiction inherent in the traditional view of child labor reform as it is presented in the passage


what's wrong with E?
the historians did observe something that contradicts with the view of reform.
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Re: Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
Hello experts
I want to understand in question 1, why is option D correct ? and how can we eliminate option E ?
In general, is there any specific approach to primary purpose questions in RC that I can inculcate ?
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Re: Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
That was a good passage.
Enjoyed solving that!
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Re: Women's grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic consciousn [#permalink]
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