Please answer with an explanation

A. In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, which more than doubled the country’s size and that brought

which refers to acre. Also which more than double and that brought is not parallel

B. For about four cents an acre the United States acquired, in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, 828,000 square miles, more than doubling the country’s size and it brought

if you remove the part set off commas "in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, 828,000 square mile", the sentence reads
the United States acquired more than double the ..
As you can see this does not make any sense.
The pronoun it refers to the United States but the United States did not bring anything.

C. With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, more than doubling its size and bringing

the two participles here modify the preceding clause. Correct.

D. The United States, in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, for about four cents an acre, acquired 828,000 square miles, more than doubling the country’s size, bringing

you need "and " before bringing. If not bringing seems to modify the previous clause more than doubling which is not correct.

E. Acquiring 828,000 square miles in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States bought it for about four cents an acre, more than doubling the country’s size and bringing

it has no antecedent.

I agree with you on that A&C do not convey the same meaning. I think your explanation of what A means is right. I'm not native speaker, so I'm not normally good at these meaning issues, sorry.