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Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor

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Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor [#permalink] New post 19 Nov 2012, 09:47
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Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning by workers, and finding that the plans themselves are excessively complex, the authors of a recent study have found that most eligible American workers had not made the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans.
a) Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning by workers, and finding that the plans themselves are excessively complex, the authors of a recent study have found that most eligible American workers had not made the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans.
b) Increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning on the part of workers, and excess complexity in the plans themselves have been explained by a recent study finding the majority of eligible American workers who do not make the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans.
c) Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor worker financial planning, and excessively complex plans themselves as possible explanations, a majority of American workers had failed to make the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans, a recent study has found.
d)The authors of a recent study, citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning by workers, and finding that the plans themselves are excessively complex, have found that most eligible American workers do not make the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans.
e)A recent study has found that most eligible American workers fail to make the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans; among the explanations cited are increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning on the workers' part, and excess complexity in the plans themselves.

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Re: Citing increasing worker [#permalink] New post 19 Nov 2012, 17:15
A good challenging SC.

Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning by workers, and finding that the plans themselves are excessively complex, the authors of a recent study have found that most eligible American workers had not made the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans.

Notice, this has a failed parallel structure:
/Citing
//increasing worker mobility between companies
//poor financial planning by workers
and
/finding

That's a variant of parallelism that the GMAT does not accept. We don't simply have three element in parallel, but some bizarre 2 vs. 1 split. No good.

A) Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning by workers, and finding that the plans themselves are excessively complex, the authors of a recent study have found that most eligible American workers had not made the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans.
Wrong for the failure in parallelism.

B) Increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning on the part of workers, and excess complexity in the plans themselves have been explained by a recent study finding the majority of eligible American workers who do not make the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans.
The awkward wordy passive construction "have been explained by a recent study finding" is anathema on GMAT SC.

C) Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor worker financial planning, and excessively complex plans themselves as possible explanations, a majority of American workers had failed to make the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans, a recent study has found.
Misplaced modifier. "Citing blah blah ...., a majority of American workers ...." The American workers were not doing the citing. The American works are experiencing the problems, but the majority is not writing about the problem. It is the study, or the authors of the study, that did the citing --- they have to be the target of this modifier.

D)The authors of a recent study, citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning by workers, and finding that the plans themselves are excessively complex, have found that most eligible American workers do not make the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans.
This answer choice repeats the faulty parallelism construction of the prompt.

E) A recent study has found that most eligible American workers fail to make the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans; among the explanations cited are increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning on the workers' part, and excess complexity in the plans themselves.
Clear, direct, active, and the parallelism is handled correctly. This one is flawless.

Let me know if anyone reading this has any questions.

Mike :-)
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Re: Citing increasing worker [#permalink] New post 19 Nov 2012, 20:17
mikemcgarry wrote:
A good challenging SC.

Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning by workers, and finding that the plans themselves are excessively complex, the authors of a recent study have found that most eligible American workers had not made the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans.

Notice, this has a failed parallel structure:
/Citing
//increasing worker mobility between companies
//poor financial planning by workers
and
/finding

That's a variant of parallelism that the GMAT does not accept. We don't simply have three element in parallel, but some bizarre 2 vs. 1 split. No good.

A) Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning by workers, and finding that the plans themselves are excessively complex, the authors of a recent study have found that most eligible American workers had not made the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans.
Wrong for the failure in parallelism.

B) Increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning on the part of workers, and excess complexity in the plans themselves have been explained by a recent study finding the majority of eligible American workers who do not make the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans.
The awkward wordy passive construction "have been explained by a recent study finding" is anathema on GMAT SC.

C) Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor worker financial planning, and excessively complex plans themselves as possible explanations, a majority of American workers had failed to make the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans, a recent study has found.
Misplaced modifier. "Citing blah blah ...., a majority of American workers ...." The American workers were not doing the citing. The American works are experiencing the problems, but the majority is not writing about the problem. It is the study, or the authors of the study, that did the citing --- they have to be the target of this modifier.

D)The authors of a recent study, citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning by workers, and finding that the plans themselves are excessively complex, have found that most eligible American workers do not make the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans.
This answer choice repeats the faulty parallelism construction of the prompt.

E) A recent study has found that most eligible American workers fail to make the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans; among the explanations cited are increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning on the workers' part, and excess complexity in the plans themselves.
Clear, direct, active, and the parallelism is handled correctly. This one is flawless.

Let me know if anyone reading this has any questions.

Mike :-)


E sounded and read flawless, indeed. Proper usage of ; and "workers' part" were especially of note.
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Re: Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor [#permalink] New post 22 Nov 2012, 19:37
Hi Mike,
There are no parallel markers between citing and increasing. So where is the question of parallelism? They don't seem to be in a list.
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Re: Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor [#permalink] New post 26 Nov 2012, 12:38
vsprakash2003 wrote:
Hi Mike,
There are no parallel markers between citing and increasing. So where is the question of parallelism? They don't seem to be in a list.

I'm sorry --- I really don't understand what you are asking. Please make extremely clear what you are asking, and I will be happy to help.
Mike :-)
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Re: Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor [#permalink] New post 26 Nov 2012, 13:31
mikemcgarry wrote:
vsprakash2003 wrote:
Hi Mike,
There are no parallel markers between citing and increasing. So where is the question of parallelism? They don't seem to be in a list.

I'm sorry --- I really don't understand what you are asking. Please make extremely clear what you are asking, and I will be happy to help.
Mike :-)


He has pointed out the parallelism between nouns versus all the items in -ing form but one of them is actually a verb. But I got to say, that was easy to miss.
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Re: Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor [#permalink] New post 26 Nov 2012, 14:09
nanishora wrote:
mikemcgarry wrote:
vsprakash2003 wrote:
Hi Mike,
There are no parallel markers between citing and increasing. So where is the question of parallelism? They don't seem to be in a list.

I'm sorry --- I really don't understand what you are asking. Please make extremely clear what you are asking, and I will be happy to help.
Mike :-)

He has pointed out the parallelism between nouns versus all the items in -ing form but one of them is actually a verb. But I got to say, that was easy to miss.


Yes, this is a tricky sentence to sort out. I will try to explain.

Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor financial planning by workers, and finding that the plans themselves are excessively complex, the authors of a recent study have found that most eligible American workers had not made the maximum allowed contribution to their employer-offered retirement plans.

The participles "citing" and "finding" modify "the authors" (i.e. the main subject of the sentence). These both describe actions of the authors. Those two, by themselves, properly could be in parallel with each other.

The participle "increasing" merely modifies the noun "mobility" --- it's not part of any parallelism in and of itself. The noun "mobility" and the gerund "planning" are in parallel --- these are the two objects of the participle "citing" --- they are the things that the authors cited.

Then problem is ----- we have three terms joined by "and" ---- "...[A] mobility ..., ... [B] planning ...., and [C]finding ....." Term [C] is supposed to be in parallel with "citing", whereas terms [A] & [B] are objects of the participle "citing" in parallel with each other. This is a gross violation of parallelism.

Does all this make sense?

Mike :-)
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Re: Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor [#permalink] New post 03 Jan 2013, 19:27
very nice question!! nouns such as worker mobility cannot be parallal to verbs such as finding.
Option E eliminates this issue
Re: Citing increasing worker mobility between companies, poor   [#permalink] 03 Jan 2013, 19:27
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